Polysomy

Polysomy is a phenomenon in which a group of cells of the same type divides and a large number of small cells are formed. Polysomes arise in cells throughout the body, and they can later develop into different types of cells, including cancer. This phenomenon is caused by a violation of the mechanism of regulation of cell division. Normally, when cells divide, the nucleus, chromosomes and other components of the cell are retained for the new division. With polysomy, the nucleus and chromosomes are copied into each small offspring, and the cells lose the ability to differentiate.

A polysome can be considered a form of abnormal cell cycle state. Despite the fact that a number of stages of division are genetically associated with the induction of so-called apoptosis (self-destruction) and other eumorphic mechanisms leading to “merciless fragmentation of cellular structures, manifested by the abundant and rapid release of nucleosomal protein bodies and cytophagocytes into the intercellular space and further, it is conditionally possible to state only an irreversible violation of the physiological functions of the nucleus and genome of the cell. Along with the “unprecedented effects of evolution” of a dividing cell, conditions arise for the formation and maintenance of polysomes. At a basic functional level, polysomes are unique and do not compare with any of the known cell types - dendritic, interstitial, glandular - that is, with normal differentiated cells that have certain morphological attributes