Orthogenic bite

Bite is a certain arrangement of teeth relative to each other and relative to the gums, characterizing the relationship of the upper and lower jaws. If we are talking about the presence of irregularities in the teeth, their changes or deformations, it is necessary to talk about orthodontics - the branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. Bites can be of two types: orthogenic and straight. Let's look at these concepts in more detail.

An orthogenic or “normal” bite does not mean that the teeth are aligned in an even horizontal row. They are in the upper row in the lingual zone, and the lower row is on the alveoli in the area of ​​the interalveolar distance, which is determined between the lower dentition and the upper edge of the alveoli. In most cases, a person has a normal bite. Orthogenic teeth in a normal occlusion have a uniform height, do not protrude or recess into the jaw. This type of bite is characterized by the correct position of the jaws and tongues, allows you to freely pick up and chew food and does not cause problems in the oral cavity. This is why dentists resort to orthodontic techniques only in extreme cases when there is malocclusion, and not at the treatment planning stage.

As mentioned above, the correction of suboptimal bites is influenced not only by the condition of the jaw arch, but also by the relative position of the teeth. Thus, an incorrect bite contributes to the incorrect positioning of the jaws; they can shrink or shift, leading to a change in the height of the location. This, in turn, affects the functioning and general condition of teeth, gums, mucous membranes, and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory organs. The result may be impaired salivation and digestion, the possibility of developing inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, gum and periodontal atrophy,

An orthogenic bite is a bite of the upper incisors in which they are closed correctly and symmetrically located. It is considered the optimal and natural development of teeth, since it corresponds to the ideal anatomical occlusion. The state of non-closing of the central incisors of the lower and upper jaws can be called ideal and ideal. This position of the teeth will ensure the correct functional action of all muscles of the dentofacial apparatus. That is why dentists consider the ideal option to be the absence of closure between these teeth.

An orthogenic bite is called when the cutting edge of the lower incisors of the upper jaw covers the upper ones. And it corresponds to this set of six signs: - the central incisors of both jaws are perfectly aligned; - the lateral teeth of the upper and lower jaws are distributed along their entire length; - the cusps of the last teeth of the lower (and upper too), located on the cutting part of the tooth, are located separately.

However, the closure of the central incisors does not end there - in practice, people have another arrangement of them. It is possible only when the two incisors of the upper jaw touch each other flat during closure. Otherwise, the incisors are simply rounded and tightly touch by means of a plane, but at the same time the contacts are absolutely even and smooth without sharp depths