Tuberculosis in Children

Tuberculosis in children is a serious health problem in many countries around the world. This disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect various organs and systems, but the lungs are most often affected. In this article we will look at the various forms of tuberculosis in children and adolescents, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Tuberculosis intoxication is a form of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. It is characterized by increased fatigue, irritability, headache, loss of appetite, poor weight gain or loss, and intermittent low-grade fever. In children, peripheral lymph nodes of elastic or dense consistency may become enlarged, and periadenitis may sometimes be observed. Many children have bronchitis, tachycardia, and in young children - dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, and sometimes enlarged liver and spleen.

To diagnose tuberculosis intoxication, various research methods are used, including the Mantoux test, x-ray examination of the lungs, blood tests for the presence of leukocytosis, eosinophilia and elevated ESR. X-ray examination of the lungs can reveal an increase in the vascular pattern.

Treatment of tuberculosis intoxication in children and adolescents is carried out with special anti-tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. The duration of treatment can be from 6 to 12 months depending on the severity of the disease.

Primary tuberculosis complex is a more serious form of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. The onset of the disease can be acute, subacute or asymptomatic. The nature of the temperature reaction and its duration are different. The child’s well-being suffers little; severe symptoms of intoxication, cough, and shortness of breath are rarely observed.

To diagnose the primary tuberculosis complex, various research methods are used, including the Mantoux test, x-ray examination of the lungs, blood tests for the presence of leukocytosis, eosinophilia and elevated ESR.

Treatment of primary tuberculosis complex in children and adolescents is carried out with anti-tuberculosis drugs, usually for 6 months. In some cases, additional therapy may be required, including the use of corticosteroids or surgery in the presence of a localized form of the disease.

The billionth bacterial tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that manifests itself as a chronic infection of the lungs. It is characterized by a prolonged cough with sputum production, constant fatigue, weight loss, sweating, and elevated body temperature in the evening. Children may also experience delayed physical development, insomnia, and digestive disorders.

To diagnose billions of bacterial tuberculosis in children and adolescents, various research methods are used, including X-ray examination of the lungs, microscopic and bacteriological examination of sputum, and computed tomography.

Treatment of billion bacterial tuberculosis in children and adolescents is with anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for an extended period of time, usually 6 to 24 months. In some cases, surgery may be required.

In conclusion, tuberculosis in children and adolescents is a serious public health problem that requires early diagnosis and timely treatment. It is important to pay attention to the symptoms of the disease and consult a doctor if they appear. Treatment of tuberculosis should be carried out under the supervision of specialists and include anti-tuberculosis drugs, and in some cases surgery may be required.