Virus Viruses-Symbionts

Symbiotic viruses are special types of viruses that live inside other living organisms and help them survive in the environment. These viruses not only do not harm their host, but can also be beneficial for his health.

Symbiont viruses were first discovered in 1998, when US scientists examined blood samples from monkeys. They discovered that there are special viruses in the blood of monkeys that do not cause any symptoms in their owners, but help them fight other infections.

Later, scientists found that such viruses are found not only in monkeys, but also in other animals, including humans. For example, viruses live in the human intestines that help him digest food and fight bacteria.

Scientists have also discovered that some symbiont viruses can be transmitted from one animal to another. For example, the hepatitis C virus is transmitted from person to person through blood.

Although commensal viruses are not pathogenic, they can cause disease in their hosts. For example, viruses that live in the human intestine can cause diarrhea and other illnesses.

Thus, symbiont viruses are an important component of our ecosystem, and studying them can help us better understand how our immune system works and how we can use this knowledge to treat various diseases.

A symbiote virus is a cell-free parasitic organism that lives inside host cells and is not capable of independent reproduction. He needs the support of his owner in order to continue to exist. In turn, it helps the host by suppressing his immunity and providing its carrier with protection from other infectious agents.

When a symbiosis virus is inside a host cell, it can live for a long time without any symptoms. But when the period of activity of the symbiote virus begins, the death of the host cell occurs. It then enters another host cell. Thus, cycles are repeated, leading to infection of the entire organism.

The symbiotic relationship between viruses and cells begins with the infection stage. The virus enters the cell through receptors on its surface. This allows it to penetrate the cytoplasm of the cell, where it begins transcription of its own DNA. Once inside the cell, the virus begins to produce its proteins, which it needs to survive and reproduce.

However, the host cell, experiencing the presence of the virus, begins to produce its own antibodies to fight it. The cell's immunity mistakes the virus for a foreign agent and tries to suppress it. Because of this, the cell begins to release special signaling molecules that attract immune cells in an attempt to destroy the virus.

The virus needs to defend itself against the host cell's immune system. Being outside the cell, some of the viral proteins protect the virus from destruction. It also begins to create additional cell shapes to hide its presence in the host cell. Such cells are called virions. They contain a greatly reduced copy of the envelope and extracellular proteins of the virus, as well as the genetic material of the virus - the genome and sometimes remnants of the genomic RNA of viruses. Penetrating into healthy host cells, the virion disperses numerous microscopic copies of the virus into new cellular formations.

If the host cell's antiviral mechanisms can still detect the presence of an infectious agent, the virus dies. In this case, the cells do not need to issue a signal to kill the virus, because the host itself becomes a source of infection. If the cell is not able to kill the virus on its own, then it will be necessary to use specialized antigenesis complexes that make up the interferon system. As a rule, active counteraction occurs from the produced interferons and type I proteins, which