An ulcer

Ulcer. Diseases of the stomach and duodenum. Using the example of patients with stomach ulcers

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the world. We will talk about how these diseases progress, what symptoms are observed and what treatment methods are most effective in this article.

General information about pain in the stomach and duodenum In the modern understanding, an ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a defect in the wall, mainly of the bulb or body of the stomach or, respectively, of the duodenum above the ampulla. Mostly, due to demucosation (formation of polyps of the mucous membrane), according to Japanese authors, a single ulcer occurs, more often with a pedicle and, much less frequently, a multiple ulcer. Ulcers can be acute, located at the site of lesions of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of injury or disease, or chronic, occurring as a result of certain diseases (see below). The reasons for the development of ulcers are very diverse and not always clear, however, studies have revealed a dependence on factors that significantly influence the course of the ulcerative process. In particular, it was revealed that the role of heredity cannot be ruled out; etiological factors include bacterial and viral agents, the action of H2-blockers, alcohol intake, smoking, dyspepsia, stressful situations, disruption of biochemical processes, and others. On palpation, the abdomen is soft, the mesenteric lymphatic system is enlarged and tense. Symptoms depend on the location of the ulcer, its size, depth, and duration of the disease. But regardless of whether the ulcer is localized in the body of the stomach or in the duodenal bulb, regardless of the stage of the disease and symptoms, it is dangerous due to its progressive development. We will look at the symptoms common to all patients depending on the location of the ulcer. **1. Painful symptoms of an ulcer** are the very first sign of the disease: pain is localized throughout the abdomen, usually in the upper part of the left half. The pain is often persistent and accompanies the patient constantly, sometimes disappearing. It is very common to experience pain after eating or applying pressure to the stomach, i.e. symptoms of exacerbation of gastric ulcer. Over time, as symptoms disappear