Allogenization of Tumor

Allogenization is the process of changing the antigenic structure of tumor cells. It occurs as a result of mutations that lead to changes in cell surface antigens. This can cause the body's immune system to not recognize tumor cells as foreign and not attack them.

Allogenization can occur in two directions:

1. Antigenic diversification is when tumor cells begin to produce new antigens that do not match the antigens of healthy cells. As a result, the immune system cannot recognize tumor cells and begins to attack healthy cells.
2. Antigenic mimicry is when tumor cells acquire antigenic markers of healthy cells. For example, if a tumor is located in the mammary gland, the tumor cells may begin to produce antigens similar to the antigens of healthy breast cells. As a result, the immune system may begin to attack healthy breast cells, mistaking them for tumor cells.

Antigenic diversification and mimicry can lead to the development of various types of tumors that are difficult to diagnose and treat. For example, with antigenic diversification, breast cancer may develop, which will have antigens similar to those of normal breast cells and will be difficult to distinguish from them. With antigenic mimicry, stomach cancer can develop, which will look like a normal stomach and may be difficult to diagnose.

Various treatment methods are used to combat tumor allogenization. For example, drugs that inhibit tumor cells from producing new antigens or drugs that stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor cells may be used. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used, which can kill tumor cells without affecting healthy cells.