Antibodies Lymphocytotoxic

Lymphocytotoxic antibodies are a special type of immune antibodies that can cause the death of lymphocytes in the presence of complement. Lymphocytes are key cells of the immune system that play an important role in protecting the body from infections and other pathological processes. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies can have both positive and negative effects on the immune system, depending on the context and conditions of their action.

The action of lymphocytotoxic antibodies is based on the ability to bind to certain antigens present on the surface of lymphocytes. After binding of the antibody-antigen complex, if complement is present, the complement cascade is activated, which ultimately leads to the death of the target lymphocytes. This mechanism of action of lymphocytotoxic antibodies may be useful in some immunological disorders, for example, in organ transplantation, when suppression of the immune response against donor tissue is required.

On the other hand, lymphocytotoxic antibodies can cause undesirable effects and have pathological significance. Uncontrolled activation of lymphocytotoxic antibodies can lead to damage to one's own lymphocytes, which may be associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. It is also known that certain viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can use lymphocytotoxic antibodies to specifically attack CD4-positive lymphocytes, leading to the destruction of the immune system and the development of immunodeficiency states.

Various studies and clinical trials are being conducted to research and use lymphocytotoxic antibodies. One of the areas where these antibodies are used is transplantation. The use of lymphocytotoxic antibodies can reduce the risk of transplanted organ rejection by suppressing the immune response against donor tissue. However, it is important to consider potential side effects and balance them with potential benefits.

In conclusion, lymphocytotoxic antibodies are specific immune antibodies that can cause the death of lymphocytes in the presence of complement. They play an important role in various aspects of immune regulation and have both positive and negative effects on the immune system. Further studies of lymphocytotoxic antibodies will help to better understand their mechanisms of action and potential applications in medicine, opening up new opportunities in the field of immunotherapy and the treatment of immunological disorders.

**Antibodies of lymphocytotoxic action** are immunoglobulins with a heavy (IgG) or light (IgM) type of molecule, with the presence of hembrotinimodase, an enzyme responsible for the activation of kallikrein of the complement system, during which lysis (death) of only cultured lymphoid cells occurs.

In their composition, antibodies have a high-affinity receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG and IgG-binding proteins, caused by the same type of immunoglobulin, i.e. chemobotinomodase. Since the complex, consisting of chemobromotin modase and the Fc fragment of an IgG or Fab-fragment of another Ig, has a low molecular weight (about 30 kDa), which determines the ability to complex with the Fab regions of autoantibodies to form heterodimeric formations. Under these conditions, the ability of antibodies to bind to ligands located on or outside their surface is retained, which eliminates their functional arrest-blocking. In addition, chemobratinomodase forms a favorable ratio between the Fab/Fc regions of the Ig molecule. As a rule, the number of Fab fragments is greater than the number of the heavy chain, which provides easy access of the molecule to the target thanks to the first FcaR, which is responsible for binding to the Fc region of other IgE.

Each antibody molecule is capable of activating at least two complement cascade activation systems. In the presence of a heavy chain of an IgG molecule, the function of which is to create complement binding points and possibly enhance local activation of the system by complement. The increase in the activity of complement expression from the CP095 fraction to 50% compared to other factors is at the level of 12-50%. In addition, this fraction initiates deeper cell destruction in the event of activation of the alternative pathway, at which