Cholangiography

Cholangiography is an X-ray examination of the bile ducts, which is used to determine the location and nature of blockage of the ducts, as well as to identify the presence of stones in them. This is an important diagnostic test that helps doctors make an accurate diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment method.

There are several methods of cholangiography, including intravenous cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, intraoperative cholangiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Intravenous cholangiography is performed by injecting a radiopaque contrast agent into the ducts through an intravenous injection. This method is most suitable for diagnosing common diseases of the biliary tract.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is performed by intrahepatic injection of a radiopaque contrast agent through a needle inserted through the patient's skin and tissue. This method is usually used to diagnose more complex cases, such as when the ducts become diseased or become inaccessible to other methods.

Intraoperative cholangiography is performed during surgery, when a radiopaque substance is injected into the bile ducts directly during the operation. This method is often used in biliary tract surgery.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is performed by inserting a flexible tube through the patient's mouth, which then passes through the stomach and duodenum. A radiopaque contrast agent is then injected into the bile ducts through the opening of the common bile duct, which opens into the duodenum.

Cholangiography can help doctors determine the cause of jaundice, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and other symptoms associated with biliary tract diseases. This is an important diagnostic test that can help doctors make an accurate diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment method.

Cholangiography is an x-ray examination that is performed to diagnose diseases of the bile ducts and determine their condition. It allows you to determine the location and nature of the blockage, as well as identify the presence of stones in the bile ducts.

There are several methods for performing cholangiography:

1. Intravenous cholangiography. In this case, a radiopaque contrast agent is administered intravenously, which makes it possible to obtain an image of the bile ducts on the screen of an X-ray machine.
2. Percutaneous cholangiography. In this case, a contrast agent is injected through a puncture in the skin, which allows a more detailed image of the bile ducts to be obtained.
3. Intraoperative cholangiography. This method is used during surgery on the gallbladder or ducts. In this case, a radiopaque contrast agent is directly injected into the bile ducts.
4. Endoscopic cholangiography. Used when it is necessary to study the ducts without surgical intervention. To do this, a radiopaque substance is injected through the duodenoscope, which allows one to obtain an image of the ducts.

Cholangiography is a radiation study that allows you to visualize the bile ducts and their contents.

Cholangiography can be performed in different ways: 1. Intravenous cholangiography (IVH) - a radiopaque contrast agent is injected through a special needle located in a vein. This method requires the mandatory participation of a nurse during the study. After the procedure, contrast is reintroduced and a subsequent projection scan is performed. 2. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is a retrograde method in which a radiopaque substance is injected into the pancreatic canal through an endoscopic instrument located in the duodenum. This is only possible if there are visible signs of narrowing of the external bile duct. Also, this procedure can be performed if the fistula is of normal size. 3. Percutaneous cholangiology - the contrast agent is administered percutaneously from the iliac vein through a puncture in the liver. 4. Operating cholangiogram is performed in an operating room through an incision in the hepatic ducts. A contrast solution is fed through an endoscope or into the passages. 5. Invasive method - involves puncture of the bile duct with a sterile needle. This manipulation is only available in a medical facility. It helps the doctor identify disseminated formations in glandular tissues. An x-ray technician controls the technique of performing manipulations. The results are displayed immediately on the screen or written to disk.