Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies are primary non-inflammatory myocardial lesions of unknown etiology (idiopathic), not associated with valve defects or intracardiac shunts, arterial or pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease or systemic diseases.

The pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy is unclear. The involvement of genetic factors, enzyme and endocrine disorders, viral infection and immunological changes is assumed.

The main forms of cardiomyopathy:

1. Hypertrophic (obstructive and non-obstructive) - characterized by hypertrophy of the walls of the left ventricle, its contractile function and diastolic dysfunction.

2. Dilation (congestion) - manifested by expansion of all chambers of the heart and a decrease in the contractile function of the left ventricle.

3. Restrictive (rare)

Diagnosis is based on medical history, examination, ECG, and echocardiography.

Treatment includes drug therapy (beta blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, diuretics) and, if ineffective, surgical correction.