Myeloma nephropathy

Myeloma nephropathy (nephropathia myelomatica) is kidney damage that occurs with multiple myeloma. It is characterized by impaired renal function due to the deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their fragments (Bence-Jones proteins) in them.

Clinically manifested by proteinuria, cylindruria, hematuria. Chronic renal failure develops. For diagnosis, urine analysis and kidney biopsy are used. Treatment includes chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, hemodialysis, or kidney transplantation for end-stage disease.

The prognosis for myeloma nephropathy is serious and depends on the course of the underlying disease. Prompt treatment of myeloma can slow the progression of kidney damage.

Myeloma nephropathy, also known as paraproteinemic nephrosis or kidney myeloma, is a rare complication of multiple myeloma, a malignant tumor disease of bone marrow plasma cells. This condition is characterized by kidney damage caused by the deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin (paraprotein) or its components in the kidney tissues.

Myeloma nephropathy develops as a result of excessive production of paraprotein by the myeloma cell. The paraprotein is formed as a result of mutation of plasma cells, which leads to extraordinary production of one type of immunoglobulin. The causes of myeloma nephropathy are not fully understood, but it is believed that the paraprotein may form mucous deposits in the renal tubules, causing damage to renal structures.

Patients with myeloma nephropathy may experience a variety of symptoms, including swelling, protein in the urine (proteinuria), decreased volume of urine (oliguria), and increased creatinine levels in the blood. These symptoms are associated with kidney damage and dysfunction. More severe cases of nephropathy may progress to chronic renal failure.

The diagnosis of myeloma nephropathy is based on clinical data, the result of a kidney biopsy and the detection of mononal immunoglobulin in the urine or blood. A kidney biopsy can identify characteristic changes, such as paraprotein deposition in the kidney tissue.

Treatment of myeloma nephropathy is aimed at controlling myeloma and improving kidney function. The main treatment methods are chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Chemotherapy is aimed at reducing paraprotein levels in the body and controlling the myeloma cell. Bone marrow transplantation may be recommended for patients with a young age and good general condition.

In addition to basic treatment, measures are taken to maintain kidney function and prevent the progression of chronic renal failure. This may include controlling blood pressure, managing fluid and electrolyte balance, and using medications to protect the kidney structures.

Myeloma nephropathy is a serious complication of multiple myeloma and requires complex and timely treatment. Early detection and diagnosis of this condition is important for predicting and managing its consequences. Patients with multiple myeloma are advised to undergo regular medical examinations, including urine and blood tests, to detect the presence of paraprotein and monitor kidney function.

In conclusion, myeloma nephropathy is a serious complication of multiple myeloma that causes kidney damage due to paraprotein deposition. Early detection, diagnosis and adequate treatment play an important role in improving the prognosis and preventing the progression of renal failure. Patients with multiple myeloma should carefully monitor their health and see their doctor regularly to monitor and treat this complication.