Pemphigus of Newborns Epidemic

Neonatal pemphigus (epidemic pemphigus) is a disease that appears as blisters on the skin of a newborn baby. It occurs due to infection with a virus that is passed from mother to child during childbirth or through breast milk.

Symptoms of epidemic pemphigus can appear in the first days of a child's life, but most often they appear a few days after birth. Small blisters appear on the skin, which quickly burst and leave behind red spots. These spots can be painful and itchy for your baby.

Treatment of epidemic pemphigus involves the use of antibiotics and other medications. It is also important to monitor your baby's hygiene and change his diapers regularly.

It is important to remember that pemphigus is a contagious disease and can be transmitted from one child to another. Therefore, if symptoms of epidemic pemphigus appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Epidemic pemphigus of newborns is an acute skin disease of the oral mucosa and skin of a newborn child, belonging to the contagious dermatoses of the group of vesicular or bullous skin lesions.

**Etiology and pathogenesis.** Most researchers claim that the disease is caused by close contact with a mother with pemphigus, less often by airborne droplets. Conflicting opinions are expressed regarding the role of microorganisms and protein factors that secrete streptococcus from the intestine. The disease occurs mainly in winter, more often in premature infants. Most patients experience a period of precursors (3-6 days), fever, catarrhal symptoms, and loss of body weight during the etiotropic days of the disease. The greatest severity is in newborns. An increase in body temperature in the mother is characteristic 2 or more weeks before the birth of the child. General, but more intense than with pemphigus in adults, symptoms appear in the form of increased body temperature, heavy sweating, headache, irritability, dry and bitter mouth, insomnia, decreased loss of appetite, there may be vomiting or diarrhea. In half of the cases, scant signs of lymphadenopathy are observed, mainly in the cervical nodes. From the surface of the palatal arch and conjunctiva, buccal mucosa, etc. Small serous vesicles merge, quickly open and release serous exudate, which after an hour or two becomes grayish-white. The color of the skin around the erosions is icteric or cyanotic. As a rule, blisters in the upper part of the oral cavity merge with each other and form large, extensive spots with thread-like erosions; The vesicle on the face of newborns disappears by soldering the erosions into a single triangle with the apex at the junction of the lips. On hyperemic, unchanged skin, single hemispherical blisters no larger than a pinhead appear, which also dry out after a day or two, leaving behind pigment spots. There is usually no pain; with significant superficial ulceration, epidermal detachment may occur. The general condition does not suffer significantly. However, severe forms with high body temperature (40 °C), intoxication, and severe catarrhal symptoms with stomatitis predominate. A high incidence of gastroenteritis with blood in the stool in sick newborns is characteristic: bloody, loose stools appear several days before the onset of damage to the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, often accompanied by profuse salivation, there is no leukocytosis; hemocolitis stops 3-6 days after the resolution of skin and mucous changes. There are practically no systemic changes or complications. The course is severe; in premature newborns, subsiding relapses are more often observed