Transcription Reverse

Reverse transcription is a process in which a DNA molecule is synthesized on an RNA template. The enzyme reverse transcriptase is involved in this process. Reverse transcription is an important step in DNA biosynthesis and plays an important role in the replication of genetic information.

Reverse transcription occurs during viral infection when viral RNA is converted into DNA, which is then used to create new viruses. This process is also used in gene therapy to create copies of genes that can be used to treat genetic diseases.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes reverse transcription. It works by attaching nucleotides to an RNA template and creating a new DNA molecule. This process occurs in the 5'-3' direction, that is, from the 5' to 3' end of the RNA.

In a biological system, reverse transcription plays an important role in many processes such as DNA replication, gene transcription, and gene recombination. It is also a key process in biotechnology such as genomic sequencing and the creation of new genetic constructs.

Thus, reverse transcription is an important process in biology and biotechnology. It plays a key role in the creation of new DNA molecules and ensures the stability of genetic material in living organisms.

reverse transcription: basic concepts and principles

Reverse transcription is one of the key biological processes underlying DNA biosynthesis. This process is based on the translation of an RNA sequence through reverse transcription into DNA. Reverse transcription is an important step in the replication of genetic information in eukaryotic cells and various viruses. Reverse transcription can also be used to create synthetic RNAs.

This process was discovered by the American biologist Francis Crick between 1957 and 1962. and is called reverse transcription due to the idea that it occurs in the reverse order than normal DNA-RNARNA -> DNA (forward transcription) translation. In fact, reverse transcription is antiparallel transcription.

Properties of reverse transcriptosis Chemically, this enzyme differs from reverse transcriptase RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in several fundamental properties. So, 1) for transcription, along with the phosphodiester compound NTP, a DNA template or its fragment is also required - single-stranded oligonucleotides (P1), and reverse transcription requires an RNA template (P2). Therefore, the first is characterized by substrate specificity, and the second by substrate, i.e. the second enzyme does not have substrate specificity; 2) reverse transcriptase reacts only with its complementary single-stranded RNA, while reverse transcriptosis forms a DNA-RNA hybrid strand; 3) an important difference in the catalytic activity of these enzymes is the dependence of its value on the amount of nucleoside monophosphates and the nature of the nucleophile, which is a water molecule; 4) the key difference is the polarity of rnctRNA-DNAPecatogenase, the activity of which significantly depends on the structure of the nucleofugal residues of the chain of a specific substrate and, therefore, is determined by the interaction between both chains, while the opposite enzyme (forming a double-stranded DNA chain) actively acts both on three-strand RNA (native or fragmentary - P2), and (in the absence of a primer) - into a double-stranded homoprimer, i.e. it does not bind the split primary product of RNA synthesis of two branches into larger products and does not change its structure. Thus, determining the inverse process was not as simple as one might expect. The matter is complicated by the fact that early researchers lacked information about the nature of the full range of the rate of the catalytic process (Vcat) catalyzed by the reverse transcriptase cis. However, the decisive factor in establishing the reverse polarity of this enzyme was the experience of an X-ray diffraction study of a model (a reconstructed meticulous enzyme (the only representative of its kind that has become widespread; see also below)) An enzyme that functions only under chemical conditions