Tularemia Anginobubonic

Tularemia infection is a natural focal zoonotic infection of mainly agricultural, but also urban populations, caused by the bacterium X. arius fildi, but most often related to X. anguillisum. The main reservoirs of infection are rodents and domestic pigs, carriers of infection within natural foci (mice, hamsters, marmots, squirrels, water rats, hares, muskrats, etc.). Infection is possible through airborne dust and alimentary routes through contact with infected animals or their waste products (infected water, milk, meat).

The causative agent of the infection is X. ariisus phillyd, X. angulianaum - small gram-negative coccobacilli. Features of the pathogen - the formation of processes (F-forms). This infection is characterized by a long asymptomatic or short catarrhal period with the rapid development of buboes, which can be located in any part of the body. The antibody titer increases slowly. Antibodies of class M appear in the blood on days 7–28 of the disease, later antibodies of class G are detected. The duration of immunity is unknown. The susceptibility of farm animals is high; in rodents it can be quite long-lasting, since they are carriers of the infection. Carriage is also possible in dogs and cats. Rats are more susceptible than mice. Immunization of mice and rats significantly increases their resistance to tularemia. Anti-tularemia placenta-resistant hyperimmune serum is obtained from vaccinated horses. Store the whey in the freezer at -20 °C. However, some species of mice (field mice), squirrel and rabbit mice do not tolerate tularemia. Seasonal fluctuations in incidence are noticeable. Epidemic outbreaks of tularemia infection among rodents are recorded during periods of mass starvation and at the end of wintering. In some cases, the possibility of death of rodents due to epizootics can lead to one infection of people and the fact that the epidemic process is protracted, multi-population in nature with seasonal increases in the incidence of people among animals in foci of infection. When examining the carcasses of sick animals, one should identify the presence of tularimidosis spleen and liver, lymph nodes of the bubonic gland containing pale polymorphic cell tularian granuloma.

When collecting materials for laboratory research, certain rules must be followed. Firstly, the non-transportability of the pathogen helps limit the volume of material taken. To fulfill this rule, a special technique for selecting pathological material is used: to determine class LM antibodies, blood is taken at intervals of 4-5 days after the onset of the disease; to detect the pathogen, areas of affected skin or pus from hidden and obvious wounds on the body are needed, from which the contents are first removed through massage, after which the material is sown.