Xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of organs or tissues between organisms of different species or classes that differ in the structure of cells and tissues. The main methods of xenotransplantation include the use of cardiac surgery, interspecies blood transfusion, and interspecies burn transplants.

Xenotransplantation has long been controversial in society due to the risk of transmitting dangerous viruses from donor to recipient. The main problem is that most xenografts are used to treat those who no longer have access to a related transplant. Some scientists argue that xenotransplantation may eventually occur within a single species, as some doctors hope to do. Currently, waiting in line for heterotransplantation is one of the main problems of transplantology. Until new xenotransplantation techniques find widespread acceptance, a human organ or tissue can only be transplanted to the person who needs help most. I believe that we should pay attention to this issue because it is very important to people's lives.

Xenotransplantation is a surgical operation to transplant foreign organs and tissues (for example, the heart). The term "xenograft" literally means a "foreign" organ or tissue transplanted into someone from foreign material of non-human origin. Xenotransplantation is a complex moral and ethical issue associated with organ transplantation. It affects not only the medical community, but also society as a whole.

Recently, xenotransplantation has become the number one problem in Europe. Here are some key issues regarding xenotransplantation in the European Union. First, the xenograft contains a permanent immunosuppressive effect that can suppress the recipient's natural immunity. This creates the danger of rejection of a foreign organ if its properties coincide with the biological properties of the recipient, and the immune properties of this person do not respond to the foreign organ (xenotransplantation). This can lead to the death of the patient due to massive infection or rejection.

Another problem of xenotransplantation is associated with the threat of infection with dangerous diseases from animals through the process of xenotransplantation. Pigs and cattle generally do not have the same viruses and bacteria as humans. These two species contain different viruses and bacterial infections associated with visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and Schmallein's disease, which can be transmitted to humans. This jeopardizes human health and reduces the possibility of using xenotranspontations.

With the advent of genetic modification techniques, xenotranslation will become increasingly common to reduce deficiencies in organs and tissues that are at risk of death.

However, xenotransplantation carries risks associated with immune reactions and possible infections. Xenografts may not be suitable for a particular patient due to the fact that the response to that organ is not consistent in both organisms, even if the person has reached the stage of full immunocompetence. Immune system incompatibility can cause rejection, growth retardation, and transformation into malignancy. This is due to the fact that the tissue of any foreign organism is capable of inciting the body's innate immune response to tissue, associated with stimulation of the immune system through special T-cell mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms