Y-Chromosome

Y CHROMOSOME: THE DRAMA OF HETEROGAMETY Before we begin to examine the topic of Y chromosomes, it is worth recalling that there are two types of genetic changes in human eggs and sperm. The first type is the x chromosome, and it is associated only with the female gender. The second type is y-chromosomes, which are associated with the male sex. Why did this happen and why is the male genome arranged this way? In the early decades of the life sciences, the genomes of men and women were thought to have the same structure and function. This is because the same set of genes (called the haploid set) exists in every cell of the body—both male and female cells. However, in the mid-1990s, a different set of genes in the egg was discovered, which was preserved only during the development period

Y-DNA testing helps tell us something about our ancestors and can shed light on a family's ancestry or history. This information is special because the Y and all other chromosomes (except sex chromosomes) that contain information about heredity are associated with the development of the body, but the genetics of this genome do not affect the characteristics of this phenotype, i.e. physical appearance of a person. Y-DNA analysis is a genetic test to determine the sequence of Y-DNA fragments in two individuals, allowing comparison of haplotypes and drawing conclusions about their origin. The Y-DNA sequence is associated with male inheritance, passed from man to son to his sons and onwards, although sometimes, a man's Y-DNA may be linked to a brother or father, depending on family history. It is also known that Y-DNA genes rarely pass from men to women, so the presence of Y-DNA samples in women can be indirect evidence of common paternity or maternity.

According to scientific data, the first mentions and decodings of DNA were found at the beginning of the 20th century. Genetic research in humans was carried out simultaneously on the basis of both types of chromosomes (and, accordingly, genes) - X and y. The difference was clear to every geneticist: the X-chromosome was associated with the female sex, and the Y-chromosome was associated with the male sex.

Humans have two sex chromosomes - X and Y. The combination of these chromosomes determines the sex of the future person. If the egg contains two X chromosomes or one X + one Y, then it will be female. If it contains one Y chromosome, the sex of the person will be male.

The Y chromosome is inherited from male ancestors, and the X chromosome is inherited from the mother. In this article I will talk about the Y chromosome, how it works and its influence on the genetic characteristics of the male line.

The appearance of the Y chromosome occurred in the process of evolution among the ancients