Amblyopia

Amblyopia: decreased vision with no apparent anatomical or refractive basis

Amblyopia is a visual disorder characterized by decreased visual acuity without an obvious anatomical or refractive basis. This is dysbinocular amblyopia, which is caused by a disorder of binocular vision with concomitant strabismus. In this case, persistent inhibition of visual perception occurs in a constantly squinting eye, which leads to a decrease in the acuity of central vision and frequent disruption of visual fixation. Eyeglasses do not improve this condition.

Amblyopia symptoms

The main symptoms of amblyopia are decreased central visual acuity, usually significant, and frequent disturbances in visual fixation. These disorders gradually become more persistent and, in some cases, irreversible. Objectively, there are no changes in the refractive media and the fundus of the eye.

Diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia

The diagnosis of amblyopia is based on excluding other causes of decreased visual acuity. Treatment consists of permanent and long-term (at least 4 months) switching off the dominant eye and exercises to train the amblyopic eye (embroidery, drawing, playing mosaics, etc.). In case of lack of success, as well as in non-central fixation in children 6 years of age and older, complex treatment may be prescribed in special rooms.

The prognosis depends on the type of amblyopia. With central fixation, timely treatment usually leads to improved visual acuity. With non-central fixation this is not always possible. To prevent amblyopia, early exclusion of the dominant eye from vision is recommended in case of monolateral strabismus.

Hysterical amblyopia

In addition to dysbinocular amblyopia, there is also hysterical amblyopia, which is caused by inhibition of visual perception in the cerebral cortex. It is characterized by a sudden decrease in visual acuity, usually bilateral, and may be accompanied by a concentric narrowing of the visual field, the appearance of scotomas, and hemianopsia. Vision remains reduced for several hours to many months. Treatment consists of psychotherapy and the use of sedatives.

Obscurational amblyopia

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Article on the topic: "Amblyopia"

Amblyopia is a condition in which the optic nerve is not sufficiently stimulated by light. This can happen due to various reasons, including genetic factors, improper development of the visual cortex, or weak eye structures. As a result, a person may have difficulty determining the shape and size of objects, especially in low light or darkness. Amblyopia is usually diagnosed by an ophthalmologist.

The causes of amblyopia are not completely known, but a number of studies point to the possibility that genetic factors, infection, trauma, or visual impairment may influence the development of the eye.

Also, amblyopia can be a consequence of surgical decisions, such as: removal of cataracts, crystal or other