Antagonism Competitive

Competitive antagonism is a type of interaction between two substances in which they compete to bind to the same molecular receptors in cells. In competitive antagonism, substances that bind to molecular receptors can interfere with each other's ability to reach those receptors, resulting in a decrease in their effectiveness.

Competitive antagonism can be direct or indirect. Direct competitive antagonism means that two substances bind to the same receptor at the same time, making it impossible for a third substance to bind to that receptor. Indirect competitive antagonism, on the other hand, means that one substance binds to a receptor and prevents another substance from binding to the same receptor until the first substance is removed from the system.

One example of competitive antagonism is the interaction between ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and angiotensin II receptor blockers. ACE inhibitors block the activity of the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which reduces the level of angiotensin II in the body. Angiotensin II receptor blockers, on the other hand, bind to angiotensin receptors and prevent them from binding to angiotensin II, which also reduces angiotensin II levels and enhances the effects of ACE inhibitors.

Another example of competitive antagonism is adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. Adrenergic receptors are divided into two types - α-receptors and β-receptors. Agonists bind to β-receptors, causing them to activate and increase adrenaline levels in the body, which increases blood pressure and heart rate.

With competitive antagonism, different substances equally activate receptors or compete in this process. They have a similar chemical structure, as competitors in conquering the market, unable to displace each other in market conditions, but capable of suppressing each other's products and results. In this case, there is a competition between molecules for the right to use some