Favus (Parsha)

Favus (Scab): causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Favus (or scab) is a fungal disease of the skin, hair and nails, which is characterized by a long course and damage to the epidermis, including the stratum corneum and dermis. The causative agent of this disease is Tr. Schirnleinii, the source of infection is a sick person. In this article we will look at the causes of favus, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of favus

Weakening of the body as a result of chronic diseases, various types of intoxication, poor and insufficient nutrition is one of the main predisposing factors to the development of favus. The disease can occur at any age, but most often affects children, especially with close and prolonged family contact.

Symptoms of favus

The most typical form of the favus is the scuticular form. The affected hair becomes thin, dry, dull and dusty, but it does not break off and retains its length. A pathognomonic feature is the scutula (scutellum) - a peculiar crust of yellow-gray color with raised edges, which gives it a resemblance to a saucer; hair will stand out from the center. The scutulae increase in size and merge, forming extensive lesions with scalloped contours. They consist of accumulations of fungal elements, epidermal cells and fatty detritus. A “mouse” or “barn” smell emanating from patients is characteristic.

As the scutula fall away, an atrophic surface is exposed, easily gathering into small thin folds like tissue paper. Sometimes regional lymphadenitis occurs. The squamous form of the favus of the scalp is characterized by diffuse peeling, and the impetigoid form is characterized by layering of crusts resembling impetiginous ones. Lesions of smooth skin are rare and are usually combined with lesions of the head. It is characterized by clearly demarcated erythematous-squamous, slightly inflamed spots, against which small scutulos may form. A purely scuticular form of damage to smooth skin is possible.

Diagnosis of favus

With the scuticular form of the favus, the diagnosis is simple. In other forms of the disease, it requires laboratory confirmation. To diagnose favus, microscopic and cultural research methods are used. Microscopic examination of a sample of hair and skin scales can reveal mycelium Tr. Schirnleinii. Cultural testing helps to identify the type of fungus and determine its sensitivity to antifungal drugs.

Treatment of favus

Treatment of favus is carried out in a hospital setting. For systemic therapy, drugs such as griseofulvin and nizoral are used. Iodine ointment therapy is used locally. It is preferable to correct concomitant diseases and nonspecific immunotherapy. It is important to remember to carefully re-examine all members of the patient's family and those around him.

Forecast and prevention of favus

Without treatment, favus can last indefinitely; if internal organs are affected, it is usually bad. It is important to remember good hygiene and infection prevention. It is recommended to avoid close contact with sick people and monitor the condition of your skin, hair and nails. If you suspect favus, consult your doctor to confirm the diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.