Hemoperitoneum (Haemoperitoneum)

Hemoperitoneum is the presence of blood in the peritoneum - the cavity between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum.

Hemoperitoneum occurs when the abdominal organs or blood vessels are damaged, usually as a result of trauma. The most common causes of hemoperitoneum are rupture of the spleen, liver, kidneys and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

The main symptoms of hemoperitoneum: acute abdominal pain, muscle tension in the anterior abdominal wall, tachycardia, arterial hypotension.

Diagnosis is based on history, clinical picture, ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdominal cavity.

Hemoperitoneum requires urgent surgical intervention to stop the bleeding and eliminate its cause. If hemoperitoneum is extensive, blood transfusion may be required.

Hemoperitemia is the accumulation of blood in the internal abdominal cavity. This condition occurs when the integrity of the vessels of the abdominal organs or pelvic organ is compromised. In addition, hemorrhage can occur when internal organs are injured (for example, rupture of the spleen or rupture of the liver, some damage to intestinal loops). As a result, the following symptoms appear:

Abdominal pain, as a rule, is cramping in nature; sudden “bumps” may appear in a certain area. The pain can be sharply cutting, with intense hemorrhage. - The pain may intensify when lying down or on your back. This occurs because blood is concentrated in the flexed loops of intestine, causing large pressure differences. In an upright position, hemorrhages are distributed evenly in the abdominal cavity and great pressure is not created, so periodic aching pain is possible. - Nausea and vomiting often occur. Vomiting serves as a way to relieve pressure from the diaphragm and abdominal wall, which are tense due to intense hemorrhage. After vomiting, the pain weakens, but does not go away completely.

Abdominal pain can be asymmetrical. With severe hemorrhage, traumatic shock may develop. If a small amount of blood remains in the abdominal cavity, it can collect toxins, become infected, or become exudate.

Common signs of shock:

• The skin turns pale; • The pulse becomes weak, the pressure drops below normal; • Breathing becomes difficult and shallow; • Urine becomes dark in color and urinary retention may occur; • Blood pressure levels drop to critical levels. • The patient's abdomen becomes very hard, the slightest touch to the abdominal wall causes severe pain. Due to the variety of possible causes of hemoperitonium, all necessary measures should be taken to find out the true causes of the disease and take the right measures to eliminate them. This study is carried out by a surgeon.