Lyase (Tyase)

Lyase is an enzyme that removes radicals non-hydrolytically to form double bonds.

Lyases catalyze reactions in which chemical bonds are broken without hydrolysis, i.e. without the participation of water. The reaction catalyzed by a lyase produces two molecules with double bonds.

Lyases include enzymes such as decarboxylases, which cleave CO2 from organic compounds, aldolases, which catalyze the cleavage of aldehydes and ketones into two molecules with the formation of a double bond, and others.

Reactions catalyzed by lyases play an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. For example, pyruvic carboxylase is involved in glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is involved in gluconeogenesis.

Thus, lyases are a class of enzymes that carry out important biochemical transformations by breaking chemical bonds without the participation of water.

Lyase is an enzyme that removes radicals non-hydrolytically with the formation of double bonds.

Lyases catalyze the elimination of small molecules from the substrate to form double bonds. Unlike hydrolases, which use water to cleave chemical bonds, lyases perform non-hydrolytic cleavage.

Reactions catalyzed by lyases include decarboxylation, dehydration, aldol cleavage, and others. Examples of lyases include pyruvate decarboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and aldolase.

Lyases play an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. They are involved in processes such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids, metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. Disturbances in the functioning of lyases lead to the development of metabolic diseases.

Thus, lyases are an important class of enzymes that carry out specific metabolic elimination reactions to form double bonds in the substrate. Their functioning is key to maintaining normal metabolic processes in the cell.

Lyases (thiases) are enzymes that catalyze the non-hydrolytic (without breaking bonds in the substrate) removal of groups at the carbonyl group (R1CO⟷RCO) of various natural organic substances and organic derivatives under the influence of a sufficient amount of oxygen or other oxidizing agent. (Oxygen is removed by hydroxylase, and other oxidizing agents are heme oxides (hemoglobin - decomposes myoglobin - this is a molecule with iron that can change its charge (everything is done with oxygen), also ozonide, peroxidase).

Lyases are enzymes with fairly strict requirements for substrates: the presence of oxygen, an acceptor and a free carbonyl group; the active form of these enzymes (thiolase, thiobrylase, etc.) and the interaction of reagents (for example, the Wolf-Kitarski reaction). An important aspect is the condition for the subsequent transfer of the acyl residue (dal