Mydriasis Paralytic

Paralytic mydriasis is a pathological dilation of the pupil caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

Causes

The main cause of paralytic mydriasis is inflammatory, traumatic, vascular or tumor lesions of the oculomotor nerve, as a result of which the innervation of the muscle that constricts the pupil is disrupted.

Symptoms

1. Unilateral pupil dilation without reaction to light.
2. Impaired movement of the eyeball in the direction of the lesion.
3. Ptosis (drooping eyelid).
4. Diplopia (double vision).

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints, an ophthalmological examination and a study of the reaction of the pupils to light. Additional imaging tests (CT, MRI) may be performed to determine the cause of the nerve damage.

Treatment

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of mydriasis (inflammation, injury, tumor). Surgery may be required. Symptomatic therapy includes instillation of miotic agents to constrict the pupil and improve vision.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on the cause and timely treatment. With timely treatment, it is possible to restore the function of the oculomotor nerve and normalize the pupil size.