Myelitis

Myelitis: inflammation of the spinal cord and its symptoms

Myelitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the substance of the spinal cord. This condition can be caused by various reasons, including toxic and infectious factors. Toxic myelitis develops as a result of heavy metal poisoning, while infectious myelitis can be caused by herpes and polio viruses. In addition, myelitis can occur as a complication of other diseases such as influenza, severe pneumonia, syphilis and tuberculosis.

Symptoms of myelitis usually develop acutely. Patients may experience an increase in body temperature up to 38-39°C, chills and malaise. There is moderate pain in the chest and back, as well as tingling in the fingertips. Neurological symptoms appear 1-3 days after the onset of the disease.

In case of damage to the lumbar spine, peripheral paresis and paralysis of the lower extremities develop, as well as the absence of tendon reflexes, such as the knee and Achilles. Patients may experience problems with fecal and urinary incontinence. With myelitis of the thoracic region, spastic paralysis of the lower extremities, urinary and fecal retention occurs. Myelitis of the upper cervical spinal cord can lead to spastic paralysis of all four limbs and respiratory failure. Blood tests show increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and leukocytosis. When examining the cerebrospinal fluid, an increased protein content is detected. The duration of the disease is usually several weeks, and recovery can take 1 to 2 years. Restoration of pelvic organ function occurs earlier than restoration of motor disorders, which regress slowly.

Treatment of myelitis includes several aspects. Doctors may prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics to fight possible infections. Oral prednisolone at a dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg may also be recommended to reduce inflammation. In case of urinary retention, bladder catheterization may be required. Exercise therapy may also be helpful in restoring function and relieving symptoms.

In conclusion, myelitis is a serious inflammatory disease of the spinal cord that can have a variety of causes and manifestations. Early detection and treatment of myelitis are important to prevent progression of the disease and minimize its consequences. If you suspect myelitis or experience the symptoms described above, consult your doctor for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.