Synaptic cleft

Sonaptic clefts are thin spaces between neuron cells that allow the transmission of electrical signals between them. They are about 20 - 50 nm wide and represent a layer of special compounds called synapses, which contain proteins responsible for signal transmission.

Synchronization of the synaptic cleft depends on many factors, including the rate of transport of neurotransmitters across the synapse, the time intervals between its opening and closing, and the strength of neurotransmitter binding to its receptors on the presynaptic membrane. In general, synaptic strength is measured by the potential difference between two neurons that occurs when they come into direct contact. If this potential difference is large enough, then the signal can pass through the synapse.

The opening/closing of the synaptic cleft can be regulated by various substances and molecular processes. For example, opening/closing may depend on the presence of dopamine or serotonin binding, which directly regulates the size of the synaptic cleft by altering the activity of proteins such as calmodulin and Janus kinase 2.