Trypaflavin Test

The trypaflavin test is a laboratory test for differentiating R-forms of bacteria from S-forms. It is based on the property of R-form cells to agglutinate (stick together into flakes) in a solution of trypaflavin, a bright orange dye.

The test is carried out as follows: the bacterial culture under study is mixed with a trypaflavin solution. If the cells agglutinate, this indicates the presence of the R-form of this type of bacteria. The S form in trypaflavin does not agglutinate.

Thus, based on the results of the trypaflavin test, it is possible to distinguish between the R- and S-forms of the same bacterial species. This is important for correct diagnosis and choice of treatment methods for bacterial infections.

**Tripaflavin test** is a diagnostic bacterial test, sensitive to growing conditions, with various R and S forms of bacteria. It was first isolated by Felix d'Herelle, due to the fact that when growing under optimal conditions, R-form bacteria (cells of the same shape with a clear outline) were formed from individual populations, differing from ordinary bacteria only in the characteristics of metabolism in certain environmental conditions. [1]

The growth of R-forms of most crops is much higher in microorganisms when there is a deficiency of nutrients in the environment, since due to their exorbitant energy consumption, additional energy supply from the outside is required. Such cultures cause turbidity in liquid media during growth due, for example, to an increase in cell generation before dying. Most crops, even with a favorable pH of the liquid, tend to liquefy.

S - forms are isolated under favorable conditions, since their genetic autoregulation mechanism effectively maintains energy balance, despite the presence of restrictions. These organisms can be in the S-form in a wider range of conditions than the R, so most environments are turbid-free due to the forceful influence of S. For this reason, the growth of the R forms becomes noticeable under unfavorable conditions for them.

The R forms usually contain L-dehydroascorbate, the opposite form of hesperidin to the normal D-(+) form. They are also called acetoxygenates. Previously, this metabolite was classified as a ketohexac, but later it turned out that pure napentenes can be isolated from the R-cells of bacteria from the general series. R-phages A:B are known for a set of flavonoid compounds: carotenoids A and B, flavins A and B. Most diagnostic fluorogens are known in the form of autoflagenins or based on guanine. Essences of medicines are obtained from phytoncides. Both have properties that are very important for living nature.

Different bacteriologically important groups are usually characterized by individual predominance of one form or another, as well as their own individual growth patterns of both forms. Research data depend on fluctuations in the internal and extragenic environment, which determine the intensity of metabolic activity of cells of one type or another (appearing separately). During laboratory diagnostics, bacteria that usually cause disease are found simultaneously with “conditionally pathogenic” bacteria that do not cause harm during their normal stay in the human body. However, under certain factors they can appear in excessive quantities and cause an infectious process along with pathogenic ones. Therefore, even the same disease can be interpreted differently, determining the same pure culture using different growth-sensitive bacterial test systems.