Alkylating Substances

An alkylating agent (ASA) is a chemical compound that has the ability to introduce a monovalent fatty hydrocarbon radical into the molecule of an organic compound. These compounds are widely used in medicine to treat cancer and as immunosuppressants.

Alkylating agents are commonly used to kill tumor cells by blocking their ability to reproduce and survive. They can also have a cytotoxic effect on normal cells, which can lead to side effects such as liver and kidney damage.

One of the most well-known alkylating agents is cyclophosphamide (Cyclophosphamide). It is used to treat a number of diseases, including blood cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and some types of breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide is also used as an immunosuppressive agent after organ transplantation.

Another common alkylating agent is ifosfamide. It is used to treat lung, bladder, cervical and other cancers. Ifosfamide may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hair loss.

In general, alkylating agents are an important group of chemical compounds that are used in medicine and science. However, they can cause serious side effects and should be used with caution.

Alkylation is one of the main methods of organic synthesis.

Alkylation is widely used to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of organic substances. The introduction of an alkyl group according to the reaction of N. D. Zelinsky is a valuable method in the fight for the synthesis of biologically active substances, which are the basis for the creation of effective anti-inflammatory, antitussive, bronchodilator, wound healing and other therapeutic agents. Chemical modification with alkyl radicals increases the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, thereby increasing their therapeutic effectiveness and allowing the dose required for treatment to be reduced. Alkyl radicals are carried out in different ways. Under the influence of UV rays (Masher method), due to the energy of the light quantum, an orbital transition is induced, which makes it possible to introduce a second electron into the molecule. Due to high energy costs, halide reagents are not usually used. Most often, reagents are taken in the form of an indenetion complex, for example ZnR. This reaction belongs to external reactions and, in addition, due to the high excitation energy (5.85 eV), it is homolytic, therefore, proceeds smoothly, without the manifestation of additional stage factors and is easily controlled by the conditions of the process. Subsequently, radical formation occurs