Cytokinesis (Gr. Pitoe — Cell, Kinesis — Movement)

Cytokinesis (from the Greek words "pitoe" - cell and "kinesis" - movement) is the process of division of the cytoplasm during mitosis or meiosis. This process occurs after the end of nuclear division and consists of the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

During the process of mitosis or meiosis, the cell nucleus sequentially divides into two daughter nuclei. However, after this process is completed, each of the two daughter nuclei usually ends up in one of the two halves of the cell, separated by cytoplasm. To complete the process of cell division, the cytoplasm must be divided into two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis begins with the formation of a special structure called a ring of actin microfilaments. This ring forms around the cytoplasm and contracts, causing the cytoplasm to contract and separate into two daughter cells. The ring of actin microfilaments contracts due to the action of motor proteins that “pull” the microfilaments towards each other.

The process of cytokinesis can vary in different cell types and in different organisms. For example, in some cells the ring of actin microfilaments may be replaced by other structures such as microtubules or intermediate filaments.

Cytokinesis is an important process for many organisms as it allows them to reproduce and renew their tissues. Some disturbances in the process of cytokinesis can lead to various diseases, such as cancer and syndromes associated with the development of fetal pathology. Therefore, the study of cytokinesis processes is an important area of ​​scientific research.