Enterocolitis Infectious

**Infectious enterocolitis** is an acute bacterial infection of the small and large intestine, characterized by gastroenterocolitis, clinically manifested by loose stools with or without blood, as well as flatulence, weakness and intoxication (fever), often accompanied by the development of abscesses in the abdominal cavity. Enterocolitis is the most common disease in children and the elderly, and it can also occur in the adult population in sporadic cases [1], [2].

In most countries of the world, enterocolitis is rarely registered as a separate nosological form. In addition, when registered, the mortality rate for them does not exceed 5-7%. However, the annual incidence in different countries is more than 30 cases per 1 thousand population [2], [3]. There are epidemic and sporadic forms of infection. The seasonality of diseases is typical - autumn or spring [4]. As with acute appendicitis, which is most often caused by bacteria, but can also be viruses, for example, rotavirus, enterocolitis is caused by bacterial flora (in most cases these are the same intestinal bacteria that produce pus and toxins). Moreover, bacteria and viruses have features of resistance to antibiotics, which significantly complicates the treatment of the disease. In turn, treatment limited to eliminating toxins from the bacterial flora may be ineffective [5]. The pathogenesis is in many ways reminiscent of the development of acute appendicitis - with the growth and adhesion of bacterial flora to the mucous membrane. In advanced forms, the intestine becomes swollen, which leads to complete blockage of the intestinal lumen with the development of shock and peritonitis. In addition, the disease can provoke the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (diarrhea that occurs after the start of antibiotic treatment), which subsequently leads to disruption of the intestinal microflora, exacerbating the pathogenesis, complicating treatment and prognosis [6], [7].