Gene

A gene is a basic unit of genetic material that occupies a strictly defined location on a chromosome. Previously, a gene was considered a unit responsible for the inheritance of various traits and mutation. However, it has now been proven that a gene is a specific DNA or RNA sequence that functions as a unit responsible for the formation of a single polypeptide chain.

In diploid organisms, including humans, genes represent pairs of alleles. An allele is different versions of the same gene that can be expressed in different forms of inherited traits. For example, a gene for eye color may have different alleles that determine whether the eye color is blue, green, or brown.

Scientists have discovered different types of genes, each of which performs its own unique function. Structural genes determine the biochemical composition of proteins, which are the main building blocks of cells. Regulator genes control the rate at which proteins are produced, which allows the body to regulate its functions. An operon is a group of genes, including a structural gene and regulatory genes, that work together to produce the right protein in the right amount.

Architectural genes are responsible for the integration of proteins into the cellular structure, and temporal genes control the time and place of action of other genes and largely control the differentiation of cells and tissues of the body. Thus, genes play an important role in the development and functioning of organisms, and their study helps to learn more about heredity and various disorders of genetic material that can lead to various diseases.

A gene is a DNA molecule with a unique sequence of nucleotides. In addition to the simplest organisms, all living organisms (animals, plants, viruses) have genes.

DNA is the basic chemical building block of life, and its long, linear structure stores key structural information.