Irritation

Irritation is any impact that causes a functional or trophic response in a receptor or in excitable tissue.

Irritation is the main form of interaction of the body with the external environment. Thanks to the ability to irritate, the body can adequately respond to changes in environmental conditions.

There are various types of irritations - mechanical, chemical, temperature, etc. They are perceived by specialized receptors located on the surface of the body or in internal organs.

Irritation of the receptor leads to the generation of a nerve impulse, which is transmitted along nerve fibers to the central nervous system. There, impulses are processed and the body’s response is formed - motor, secretory, vegetative.

Thus, thanks to the mechanism of irritation, the body receives information from the external and internal environment and can respond adequately to it. Disturbances in the mechanisms of irritation and irritability underlie many diseases and pathological processes.

**Stimulant** is a factor or phenomenon (in the case of some extreme conditions - a person or a group of people) that causes a directed change in the course of physiological and (or) psychological functions. In modern physiology, a stimulus is a physical factor of the external environment; a nerve center that serves as an object of reflex action, in which the process of adaptation of the central nervous system to irritation occurs. In physiology, irritation is understood as an excitatory type reaction.

Irritants are: