Meningococcemia

**Meningocemia - **a very serious and dangerous condition in young children, which is characterized by severe, inflammatory-toxic damage to the blood vessels of all organs, caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

Features of pathogenesis. A non-infectious type of meningism develops when hemodynamic overstrain of vascular origin occurs with significant redistribution of blood. In the case of the infectious form, the predominant cause of the development of the disease is not the activity of meningitis, but the gonococcus, which causes damage to the hemophilic, peritial membranes, and membranes of the brain. The toxic effect caused by the gonorrhea of ​​the toxin, caused by its penetration through the vascular wall, does not affect other organs and tissues of the body and is not dangerous for their function. Meningitis in combination with endocarditis is the same as meningitis, only the causative agent is not a pyogenic fungus or bacteria, but a hemolytic streptococcus. This disease is typical only for older people and has a severe course. Accompanied by the development of heart failure due to pulmonary edema and progressive organ dysfunction. The prognosis in this case is extremely unfavorable. To date, no clear relationship has been identified between the development of meningocemia and the presence of systemic blood diseases in the patient. Often, the development of the disease is provoked by a violation of the coagulation system and an increase in the permeability of peripheral vessels; if there are several infections in the body at the same time that cause the development of these abnormalities, meningocymega can occur in a child in just a few hours. After a puncture of the cerebrospinal fluid, the child is already in serious condition without drugs to support blood clotting. The disease is characterized by the rapid onset of renal failure and sepsis. The highest mortality rate is observed among patients aged one to three years.

Meningococcal infection is an acute anthroponotic disease characterized by a purulent-inflammatory process on the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. Manifestations of meningitis most often include skin rashes in the form of hemorrhages, headaches, intense vomiting, increased body temperature, and impaired consciousness. The causative agent of meningitis is Neisseria meningitidis of the Neisseriaceae family (formerly the genus Neisseriaceae). The introduction of the infectious principle occurs in the epithelial cells of the deep layers of the skin. During the infectious process, the pathogen is localized inside the cell, the microorganism causes cell cytolysis, lysis and release of toxins into the environment. A significant proportion of cells are affected even several hours after application. The infectious process is accompanied by the formation of gaseous products that are toxic in nature, having a destructive effect on all systems and organs. Meningitis can spread through routine blood transfusions, non-compliance with the rules for collecting anti-insular plasma, and through the hands of medical personnel. Airborne infection is possible in a rare form of the disease. The main route of transmission of infection is contact. The virulence of bacteria increases when they are present in the environment (air, water, food), since further reproduction requires a large number of donor microorganisms. There are two forms of infection: meningitis - damage directly to the membranes of the brain, meningo-coccemia - manifestations of infection on the skin. By multiplying on the surface of the skin, pathogens secrete exotoxins that penetrate the blood, which is the main cause of the development of general intoxication syndrome. The generalized form of the disease occurs due to the massive entry of the pathogen into the bloodstream, significantly increasing the production of endotoxins. Five risk groups for meningitis carriers have been identified. Meningitis is a rare disease. The number of morbidity cases is 25-30 per million population, the mortality rate is 15%, and has remained stable for 40 years. This pathology is found everywhere in developed countries of the world. In Russia, disease activity began in 1990, periodically falling and rising again. According to official data, 30 percent of people are infected, more than half of adults and children, mainly with neurological symptoms. According to epidemiological data, there is an increase in incidence in all seasons except summer and early autumn.