Myocarditis Malignant

Introduction. Myocarditis is one of the most common inflammatory heart diseases. They can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infectious diseases, autoimmune processes and injury. Myocarditis can have various manifestations, from mild to severe complications. This article will discuss such a form of myocarditis as malignant myocardis.

Causes and mechanisms of development. Myocarditis malignancy is a rare disease associated with an autoimmune process. It is assumed that the development of micardis is based on a violation of the immune response, leading to the development of inflammation of the heart muscle. In general, the main reason for the development of malignant myocarditis is a genetic predisposition to the occurrence of autoimmune processes. It is also noted that the development of malignant myocarditis is often associated with viral diseases such as COVID-19. Viral pathogens, such as coronavirus, can provoke an autoimmune response, which can lead to the development of myocarditis. The mechanisms of development of malignant myocarditis are not fully understood. This is thought to be due to an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is an increase in the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1, IL6 and IL-23. These cytokines cause an inflammatory response and damage to the heart muscle, leading to the development of myocardial symptoms. At the same time, there is a lack of production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interferons (IFN) types α and β. This deficiency can contribute to further development of the inflammatory process and deterioration of the patients' condition.

Clinical manifestations. The malignant form of myocarditis has severe, long-lasting symptoms. Patients may experience pain in the left forearm, shortness of breath, palpitations and dizziness. Symptoms can be acute and develop rapidly. Symptoms of heart failure are sometimes observed. The development of a malignant form also