Nematocysts (Gr. Nema - Thread, Cystis - Bubble)

Nematocysts (from the Greek words “nema” - thread and “kistis” - bubble) are stinging capsules that are found in coelenterates. These microscopic vesicles can emit a poisonous thread and are used to attach, protect and capture prey.

Nematocysts are a unique adaptation that helps coelenterates survive in a variety of environmental conditions. Nematocysts can be found on the surface of the body or inside the tissues of the animal and perform various functions.

One of the main functions of nematocysts is protection from predators. When an animal senses danger, the nematocysts can quickly release a poisonous thread that stuns or kills the predator. Some types of nematocysts are very poisonous and can be dangerous to humans.

Nematocysts are also used to protect the animal from external factors such as strong currents or tides. When an animal is attached to a surface, nematocysts can help it stay in place despite strong environmental influences.

Some species of coelenterates use nematocysts to catch prey. They can use these capsules to capture small animals or fish that pass nearby. When prey enters the nematocyst's attack zone, it is stunned or killed, and the animal can easily eat it.

Nematocysts are one of the most amazing adaptations to be found in the animal kingdom. They allow coelenterates to survive and thrive in a variety of environmental conditions, and surprise us with their efficiency and variety of functions.