Physiology

Physiology is a biological science that, based on the study of particular processes and mechanisms of human and animal life, clarifies the patterns of functioning of the whole organism. In collaboration with other biological sciences (biophysics, biochemistry, genetics, etc.), physiology forms the theoretical basis of all medical disciplines.

Physiology is divided into two large, largely independent sections: normal physiology and pathological physiology. Normal physiology studies the activity of a healthy organism, and pathological physiology studies the general patterns of the appearance, development and course of processes leading to the emergence and development of a particular disease.

Plant physiology has become an independent discipline, elucidating the patterns of vital processes occurring in plant organisms. Physiology includes general, comparative (or evolutionary) and special physiology. General physiology studies the basic patterns of activity of living matter, characteristic of any organism, its reactions to environmental influences, specific features that distinguish living objects from inanimate nature. Comparative physiology sets itself the task of studying the specific features of the development of a certain type of organism and the patterns of development of an individual organism. Special physiology studies individual areas of human and animal activity, private mechanisms of functioning of individual tissues, organs and systems. It, in turn, distinguishes the physiology of farm animals, the physiology of labor, sports, underwater physiology, space physiology, etc.