Ulnar reflex

Ultrasound navigation for herniated intervertebral discs and the role in choosing the optimal time of surgery. Lukin D.A., Demidov A.V.

Disc herniation is one of the most common diseases of the spine, which consists of protrusion of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc through tears in the fibrous ring [3]. Its development in the cervical region is manifested by pain in the neck, radiating to the arm, shoulder and back of the head, and numbness of the first finger. In the thoracic and lumbar regions - pain along the branches of the root, a sensation of girdling pain along the torso and increased tone of the affected muscles. When a disc herniation occurs, spinal canal stenosis and neurological deficits may progress [2].

In case of sequestration of a herniated intervertebral disc, its elimination is a symptomatic treatment when the problem of pain is solved. This also applies to the prevention of the development of complications in the vertebral arteries. This problem is partly solved by tunnel dissection - rupture of the wall of the vertebral artery in the canal of the transverse cervical ligament. But a much more dangerous complication of a hernia in the cervical segment is myelopathy syndrome - compression of the spinal cord or its roots by a hernia [5,6].

MRI shows hypointensity of the hyperintense IVD along the medial surface not only in the upper segment, but also in the central spine. One explanation for this may be fibromedullary dysplasia, fibrous band, externa medullaris, or sinus of Sicard. A herniated disc is considered a herniated disc and is considered a leading cause of neck pain.

Manifestations of the disease most often are various diffuse changes in the lumbosacral spine of varying degrees of severity. More common are combined forms of vertebro-arthrogenic changes in the intervertebral joints and facet joints in combination with dystrophic changes in the muscles or osteochondrosis. The appearance of herniated intervertebral joints is manifested by reactive inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding them, and the formation of small hematomas.

Only manual therapy, resulting from a sudden movement that increases muscle activity, can lead to compression of the nerve roots, poor circulation or compression of the spinal cord. That is, spastic-acute pain syndrome is an integral manifestation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of surgical treatment, and not a consequence of the rejection of a false diagnosis made by the neurosurgeon’s instrument.

Ulnar reflex: functions, structure and role in the nervous system

The ulnar reflex, also known as the carpoulnar, cubital or cubitopronator reflex, is one of the many reflexes that occur in our nervous system. This reflex is associated with the ulna (ulna) and performs important functions related to movement and sensation in our hands.

The structure of the ulnar reflex is based on the anatomical connection between the ulnar and corresponding nerves. The main role in this reflex is played by the ulna, one of the two bones of the forearm. The ulna connects to the carpal bones and provides the basis for movement of the wrist and fingers. Located next to the ulnar nerve, known as the ulnar nerve, is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the hand.

The functions of the ulnar reflex include protection and coordination of movements in the hand. When the ulna is exposed to an external force, such as a light blow or poor wrist position, the ulnar reflex is activated to protect the bones and connective tissues. This reflex also plays an important role in coordinating the movements of the fingers and wrist, especially during small and precise operations.

To perform the ulnar reflex test, a doctor or other medical professional applies light pressure to the ulnar reflex in the area of ​​the elbow. The reaction may manifest itself in the form of contraction of the muscles of the hand or fingers, which indicates the normal functioning of the reflex. Deviations from the expected response may indicate possible problems with the nervous system or damage to the ulnar nerve.

Despite the fact that the ulnar reflex performs important functions, its disruption can occur in some conditions. Certain disorders, such as trauma, carpal tunnel syndrome, or nerve damage, can affect the function of the ulnar reflex. This can lead to loss of sensation, decreased coordination, or weakness in the arm.

In conclusion, the ulnar reflex is an important element of our nervous system associated with movement and sensation in the hands. It is based on the interaction between the ulnar and ulnar nerves, and its functions include protection and coordination of movements in the hand. Understanding this reflex and its possible disturbances may be useful in diagnosing and treating neural disorders associated with the ulnar reflex. If you have any problems with movement or sensation in your hand, it is recommended that you consult a doctor for appropriate testing and diagnosis.

It is important to note that this article provides general information about the ulnar reflex and is not a substitute for medical advice. If you have specific questions or concerns about your health, please