**Scotoma** is a formation in the visual field that is not perceived by the visual cortex of the brain, which is a sign of visual impairment or abnormalities of the optical system. Scotoma can be central or peripheral. **Central scotoma** is the center of the optic disc, a common borderline condition. Refers to heterotopic scotomas. Accompanied by a significant deterioration of central vision and its binocularity. It is detected in patients only by ophthalmoscopy. The lateral boundaries are usually blurred. Central scotoma is characterized by headaches, binocular vision disorder, absence of the macula, swelling of the eyeball, flashes and arcs, discomfort when looking at the light. Most often it appears as a result of retinal degeneration or vascular disorders. Sometimes associated with various ocular pathological conditions - astigmatism, keratoconus, glaucoma, congenital pathologies of the retina, anterior segment of the eye.
This type of eye pathology occurs in most people over the age of 40. The disease is accompanied by a change in the contrast of the picture. The ability to see familiar objects and people, their faces and features, shadows and colors is impaired. If the lesion is large, a large area of space in the area of the spot may remain visible,