Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis most often occurs in women over 60 years of age.

The development of the disease is facilitated by the use of large doses of iodine and lithium, long-term treatment with interferon, ionizing radiation, etc. Thyroiditis can be a consequence of diffuse toxic goiter, adenoma or thyroid cancer. The disease occurs in two forms - hypertrophic and atrophic. The disease is based on the formation of antibodies to the thyroid gland in the body.

The main symptom of the hypertrophic form of thyroiditis is a slow enlargement of the thyroid gland. Patients complain of gradual enlargement of the neck, difficulty swallowing, and weakness. Upon examination, an enlargement of the thyroid gland is determined; upon palpation, it is dense, lumpy, and not fused to the skin. In some patients, the enlargement of the gland is accompanied by an increase in hormone production, and a picture of thyrotoxicosis develops.

The atrophic form of thyroiditis is manifested by a decrease in the thyroid gland. The process of atrophy is gradual, lasts for decades and ends with the development of hypothyroidism.

To diagnose the disease, an ultrasound examination of the gland is performed and the level of antithyroid antibodies is determined.

Treatment includes taking prednisolone, triiodothyronine, L-thyroxine. If a tumor is suspected and the thyroid gland is progressively enlarged, its total removal is performed.

Thyroiditis: Understanding and Treating Inflammatory Thyroid Diseases

Introduction:
Thyroiditis, also known as thyroiditis, is a common condition that affects the functioning of the thyroid gland. This condition can result from a variety of causes, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or exposure to radiation. In this article we will look at the main types of thyroiditis, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Types of thyroiditis:

1. Acute thyroiditis: This is a rare condition that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The main symptoms are pain and swelling of the thyroid gland, fever and general malaise. Treatment for acute thyroiditis usually involves taking antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

2. Subcutaneous thyroiditis (lobar thyroiditis or granulomatous thyroiditis): This is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland that can occur after a viral infection. Symptoms include thyroid pain, sensitivity to touch, weakness and headache. Treatment for subacute thyroiditis usually involves taking anti-inflammatory drugs and pain relievers.

3. Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's): This is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system is directed to attack the thyroid gland. The result is a gradual destruction of thyroid tissue, which can lead to hypothyroidism (underfunctioning of the thyroid gland). Symptoms of chronic thyroiditis include fatigue, weight changes, depression and dry skin. Treatment for chronic thyroiditis usually involves taking hormone replacement therapy.

Diagnostics:
To diagnose thyroiditis, your doctor may do the following tests:

1. Clinical examination: The doctor evaluates the health of the thyroid gland by palpating it and examining symptoms such as pain and swelling.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine thyroid hormone levels and detect the presence of inflammation.

3. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland: Ultrasound allows you to visualize the structure of the thyroid gland and detect possible changes associated with inflammation.

4. Biopsy: A thyroid biopsy may be recommended in cases where cancer is suspected or to confirm the diagnosis in some cases of chronic thyroiditis.

Treatment:
Treatment for thyroiditis depends on its type and symptoms, as well as the patient's general condition. Some common treatment approaches include:

1. Anti-inflammatory drugs: In cases of acute or subacute thyroiditis, anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroid drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation.

2. Pain relievers: Pain relievers may be used to relieve pain and discomfort associated with thyroiditis.

3. Hormone replacement therapy: In cases of chronic thyroiditis, when thyroid function is reduced, hormone replacement therapy may be prescribed. This allows you to compensate for the lack of thyroid hormones and maintain normal levels of hormones in the body.

4. Surgery: In some cases, such as an abscess or nodule in the thyroid gland, surgery may be required to remove the affected tissue.

Conclusion:
Thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland that can be caused by various reasons. An important aspect of successful treatment is accurate diagnosis and determination of the type of thyroiditis. Timely consultation with a doctor, adherence to prescribed treatment and regular consultations will help monitor the condition of the thyroid gland and ensure optimal health.