Anovulation

Anovulation is a disorder of the menstrual cycle in which there is no ovulation (rupture of the ovarian follicle and release of the egg into the abdominal cavity). In this case, the corpus luteum does not form in the ovary, the proliferative phase in the endometrium does not give way to the secretory phase, and in most cases the desquamation phase does not occur.

There are physiological and pathological anovulation. Physiological anovulation is characteristic of pregnancy, the postpartum and lactation periods, as well as puberty and menopause.

Pathological anovulation is caused by disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, leading to chronic ovulation disorder and infertility. The causes may be hyperprolactinemia, reduced secretion of gonadotropins with normal prolactin, hyperandrogenism, gonadal dysgenesis, autoimmune processes in the ovaries.

Diagnosis of anovulation is based on a study of the hormonal profile, temperature curve, ultrasound data, and hysteroscopy.

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of anovulation. Hormonal drugs, dopamine agonists, antiestrogens, and surgical treatment are used. The prognosis depends on the cause and the effectiveness of therapy.