Carcinosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the cervix or vagina, which includes cells found in adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, as well as stromal cells. Carcinosarcoma can be very large in size or polyp-shaped, in the form of a bunch of grapes (sarcoma botryoides). Cells of tissues of mesodermal origin, for example, bones, cartilage or striated muscles, can also be included in its composition.

Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the female genital organs. This tumor consists of two components - epithelial (carcinomatous) and mesenchymal (sarcomatous).

Carcinosarcoma most often affects women after menopause. The main risk factors are age over 50 years, previous radiotherapy of the pelvic organs, long-term use of tamoxifen.

Clinical manifestations of carcinosarcoma are nonspecific and include bloody vaginal discharge and pain in the lower abdomen. Upon examination, a tumor-like formation may be detected on the cervix or vagina.

The diagnosis is established on the basis of histological examination of biopsy material. Treatment is primarily surgical - extirpation of the uterus and appendages is performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy are mandatory.

The prognosis for carcinosarcoma is unfavorable due to the high frequency of metastasis and relapses. Median survival is about 2 years. Only radical surgical treatment in combination with combined chemoradiotherapy can improve the prognosis.

Carcinosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of two (or more) cell lines: carcinoma and sarcoma, originating from the same tissue layer. Usually, the type of neoplasm cannot be accurately determined even by specialists, because sarcoma-like areas are often observed in both true carcinomas and tumors consisting only of epithelial cells. Increased gene rearrangement activity is detected in neoplasm cells. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-II) and a number of other oncoproteins

Carcinosarcoma is a malignant tumor of soft tissues - sarcomas and adenomas. During diagnosis, tumors that are intermediate in histological structure, such as renal cell carcinoma and angiosarcoma, are also identified.

Carcinoma - a tumor appears from the epithelium, develops from the integumentary layer, such as the skin, mucous membranes, oral cavity, uterus and other organs. Adenoma (benign tumor) arises from glandular tissue, that is, a structural component of these organs. Sarcoma is formed by various malignant cells.

This is the whole meaning of the word carcinosarcoma, since the tumor includes signs of adenocarcinoma and sarcomatous process, different in tissue structure. There are some types of cancers that are not classified as carcinosarcomas (for example, mesenchial sarcomas) and are extremely rare.

The combination of tissue of different origin in a cancerous tumor can be explained by immunological reasons: lymphoma develops from cells with an immunopredominant leukemic pseudoepithelial spot and the vascular stroma of the lymph node in the form of large sarcogiant sinuses grows along the edges of the lesions. The cells of the tumor itself in this case