Corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Predni-Zolone, etc.)

Corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Predni-Zolone, etc.): Selective nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic effect

Corticosteroids are an important class of drugs used to treat a variety of diseases. They are widely used in medicine, especially in the field of rheumatology, allergology and endocrinology. However, in addition to their many beneficial effects, corticosteroids can also cause certain side effects that are important to consider when using them.

One of the side effects of corticosteroids is associated with their selective nephrotoxic effect. This means they can harm the kidneys, causing a variety of problems and symptoms. Increased blood pressure (BP) is one such symptom. When using corticosteroids, patients may experience an increase in blood pressure, which requires constant monitoring and possible correction.

Another symptom is the appearance of protein in the urine, which indicates the development of nephropathy. Nephropathy is a condition in which the kidneys' function is impaired and they are unable to properly filter waste from the blood. The appearance of protein in the urine may be a sign of inflammation or kidney damage. When using corticosteroids, it is important to regularly monitor the condition of the kidneys and pay attention to the presence of protein in the urine.

In addition, corticosteroids can cause peripheral edema, which is swelling of the extremities such as the legs and arms. This is due to their cardiotoxic effects, which can affect cardiac function and cause cardiac arrhythmias. People taking corticosteroids are advised to monitor for possible signs of heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms and call their doctor if they occur.

In addition to these symptoms, corticosteroids can also cause hyperglycemia, which is an increase in blood glucose levels. This is especially important for patients with diabetes mellitus or predisposed to developing this disease. When using corticosteroids, it is necessary to monitor blood glucose levels and, if necessary, adjust the dose of the drug or conduct additional treatment to control hyperglycemia.

Treatment of side effects associated with corticosteroid use may involve several approaches. In case of nephrotoxic effects, it is important to provide forced diuresis with blood alkalinization. This means that the patient may be advised to increase fluid intake and undergo special procedures to remove toxins from the body. In addition, potassium chloride at a dose of 3-5 g orally may be prescribed to maintain normal potassium levels in the body.

In case of hyperglycemia, that is, increased blood glucose levels, insulin may be required. It is usually recommended to administer 8-10 units of insulin subcutaneously to control glucose levels. However, the dosage and treatment regimen must be individual and determined by the doctor, based on the specific situation and needs of the patient.

It is important to note that the use of corticosteroids should be under the supervision of a physician, who can evaluate the benefits and risks of therapy and adjust the dosage or medication if necessary. Patients should follow their doctor's instructions, monitor their condition regularly, and seek medical attention if any unusual symptoms occur.

In conclusion, corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone, prednisolone and others are important drugs with a wide range of uses. However, they can also cause some side effects, including nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hyperglycemia, and others. It is important to monitor and monitor patients taking corticosteroids and take measures, if necessary, to prevent or treat these side effects. Only with proper use and medical supervision can corticosteroids be effective and safe drugs for the treatment of various diseases.