Myocardial infarction Transmural

Myocardial infarction Transudal or transmural

Myocardial infarction is one of the most common and dangerous complications of coronary artery disease. In the case of transmural (distributed through all thicknesses of the myocardium) infarction, massive destruction of myocardiocytes and their death develops. In this case, there is a decrease in the number and decrease in the elasticity of the heart muscle layer. This becomes possible due to necrotization of all layers affected by the altered artery. As a result of its rupture, a picture of a prolonged rupture of blood flow arises. The spread of damage, especially long-term progression, is often critical for the patient, since destruction occurs throughout the entire thickness of the myocardial mediastinum. A more severe form of the disease is transmural myocardial infarction, which causes acute necrosis. If cardiomyocytes die completely, significant complications occur. Over time it becomes even more severe. Diastolic non-concentric is also common (without endocardial ischemia and large

Myocardial infarction is an acute condition and pathological change in the heart muscle under the influence of ischemic failure. Heart attack phobia (a phobic disorder associated with fear of heart attack) is characterized by fear and anxiety before a heart attack. Transmural type infarction is necrosis or death of a section of the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes cannot function normally, they die within a few hours, due to lack of oxygen, metabolism is disrupted and glycogen decomposes. Typically, with MI, only one wall of the heart is affected, which lies along the epicardium. Moreover, the myocardium in the area from the spine of the heart to the pulmonary vein is completely or partially destroyed, leaving only individual muscle fibers. The area of ​​the myocardium adjacent to its outer wall is called the tooth. It has a thickness of up to 2 cm. The cause of the infarction is transmural - ischemia. The cause may be a disruption in the supply of oxygen and/or nutrients or an inflammatory process in the heart. Among the risk factors for the disease

Transmural myocardial infarction is a serious condition that occurs when an acute disruption of the blood supply occurs in the heart muscle - the myocardium.

This type of heart attack can usually occur due to a blockage in the large coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. Often the cause is narrowing of thin arteries or plaques on the walls of blood vessels, which leads to the formation of blood clots. However, there are other causes, such as a rupture of the heart muscle wall (aneurysm), inflammation of the cardiovascular system and poor circulation. Processes of impaired blood flow in the heart muscle cause myocardial ischemia - a slowdown in the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. This affects the functioning of the heart, which can lead to functional changes and even cardiac arrest.

Transmural myocardial infarction is translated from Latin as “rupture of the heart wall”, because intercellular splitting and destruction of the entire thickness of the cardiac muscle of the organ occurs.

Oxygen starvation plays the main role in this destabilizing process. The long existence of the cardiac organ in this situation leads to dystrophic changes in tissue structure and gradual cell death. During the transformation of the myocardium, the old structure completely dies off, and new basal tissue appears. The resulting pressure drops, also accompanied by a narrowing of the coronary vessels due to the development of atherosclerosis, which occurs due to the effects of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, block the supply of oxygen. If the pathology is left without proper attention, the process becomes chronic. In a healthy body, the myocardium automatically adapts to such stress; if the pathology progresses, there is a threat of reversible damage to the cardiac structure. It is this target that is associated with damage to the walls of blood vessels - atherosclerosis - and arterial hypertension. All these factors arise gradually and slowly, and blood supply disturbances occur systematically. Protein and fat inclusions penetrate into their composition weakly or not at all related to these processes. Gradually, myocardial nutrition decreases, hypoxia deforms myocytes and accelerates their death. This process is significantly affected by oxygen deficiency, since lipids and proteins become obstacles to its supply. Violation of blood microcirculation with a decrease in the elasticity of microvessels with local disruption of blood flow leads to the formation of foci of necrosis, the number of which increases over time. Forming scars replace dead tissue. As a result, the volume and shape of the myocardium changes, the heart muscle contracts worse, the filling of the ventricles with blood is disrupted, and characteristic noises appear. To treat myocardial infarction, a person is prescribed anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid in large doses. A prerequisite is moderate suppression of the activity of the liver glands. Sometimes antibiotics, fibrinolytic agents, sodium azodiclovit, and antibiotics with cardiotachic properties are required. During the recovery phase

Transmural myocardial infarction is one of the forms of myocardial infarction, which is characterized by damage to the entire thickness of the heart muscle - from the endocardium to the epicardium. Unlike small-focal infarction, which affects only a thin layer of the myocardium, the transmural form affects deeper layers of the heart.

Myocardial infarction is a life-threatening condition that can occur due to various causes, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, and alcohol abuse and smoking. During myocardial infarction, necrosis of the heart muscle occurs, which leads to its insufficient functionality. This in turn can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia and even death.

The causes and risk factors for the development of transmural myocardial infarction may be different. The main causes include vascular atherosclerosis, heart rhythm disturbances, and various medications. People over the age of 65 are more likely to have a heart attack due to increased risks of cardiovascular disease. In addition, high blood pressure and genetic predisposition also serve as risk factors.

Recognition of transmural myocardial infarction is a complex process that requires specialized medical care. Symptoms may include pressing chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and sometimes loss of consciousness. If you notice these symptoms, seek medical help immediately. There are three stages of myocardial infarction - the pre-infarction period, acute infarction and recovery period. With timely diagnosis and treatment, there is a high chance of maintaining health and life.

Treatment of myocardial infarction trans-

mular is aimed at preventing further complications and supporting the vital functions of the body. In the first few hours after the onset of symptoms, the patient is hospitalized for further observation and treatment. Treatment includes drug therapy, including drugs that improve heart rhythm, relieve pain and reduce the risk of another attack. Other treatments such as revascularization may also be used. Other possible resuscitation techniques may include pacemaker, coronary balloon therapy, and vascular therapy.