Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular Dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that are characterized by weakening and atrophy of various muscles. These diseases are usually hereditary in nature, and the muscles affected by the disease gradually degenerate, being replaced by adipose tissue. Muscular dystrophies are classified according to various criteria, including the age of the patient, the distribution of the lesions, the progression of the disease and the role of heredity in its development. In rare cases, muscular dystrophy can occur due to genetic mutations.

Techniques such as electromyography and muscle biopsy are commonly used to make a definitive diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. Electromyography examines the electrical activity of muscles, while muscle biopsy provides a sample of muscle tissue for more detailed analysis.

One of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy is Duchenne dystrophy. This is a recessive hereditary disease that almost always affects boys. Symptoms usually begin around age four and include weakness and wasting of the neck and pelvic girdle muscles. Children with Duchenne dystrophy begin to walk, swaying from one foot to the other, and they develop lordosis of the lumbar spine. As the disease progresses, the calf muscles, and then the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities, become stiff and increase in size (which is called pseudohypertrophy, associated with an increase in connective and adipose tissue).

There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy, but the use of physical therapy and various orthopedic devices can significantly alleviate the patient's condition. In addition, the identification of the defective gene in the future may increase the likelihood of using gene therapy to treat this disease.

There is also another form of muscular dystrophy known as myotonic dystrophy, which has its own characteristics and characteristics.

In conclusion, Muscular Dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that lead to progressive weakening and atrophy of muscles. Although there is no cure for this condition, modern treatments and research such as physical therapy, orthopedic devices and gene therapy offer hope for improving the quality of life of patients in the future. A better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy is important in developing new methods for diagnosing and treating this condition.

Muscular dystrophy is a disorder that affects over three hundred genes in many tissues. Muscular dystrophic pathology is a large collection of disorders characterized by a decrease in the force of contraction of muscle fibers or their slow withering, accompanied by the appearance of structural defects. Diseases in this category usually cause problems with strength in a specific segment of the body that is initially able to bear the load or is directly under pressure. Although the pathogenetics of many aspects continues to be studied to date, it is clear that the development of this type of disorder is facilitated by a genetic factor, mainly in the form of mutations in the DNA region. Also, ailments can be associated with the absence or inferiority of proteins necessary for the correct functioning of muscle tissue. Although treatment for muscular dystrophy continues to advance a new sustainable treatment algorithm, there is currently no drug that can reverse the process. We are, however, aware of various therapeutic modalities that can help alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Including medication-based and electrical stimulation therapies, many methods allow patients to maintain independent living even in advanced stages of the disease. The goal of this type of treatment is to strengthen muscles, manage gait problems and provide some joint support, although the number of techniques involved is constantly expanding. In this article we will consider several general bases for describing muscular dystrophic pathology, its definition, classification and associated diagnostic, therapeutic