Osteomyelitis Hematogenous Chronic

Osteomyelitis Hematogenous Chronic: Understanding and Treatment

Hematogenous chronic osteomyelitis (CHO) is a serious inflammatory bone disease that develops as a result of the spread of infection through the blood. The chronic form of osteomyelitis of hematogenous origin differs from its acute form in the duration and long-term nature of the process.

Osteomyelitis of hematogenous origin occurs when pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Once the infection reaches the bones, it causes inflammation and bone destruction. In the acute form of osteomyelitis of hematogenous origin, symptoms develop quickly and can be intense, while in the chronic form the process develops more slowly and has less pronounced symptoms.

Chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis often occurs in people with weakened immune systems or those who have certain risk factors, such as diabetes, circulatory problems, or previous infections. In addition, chronic osteomyelitis often develops in bony areas distant from the heart, such as the bones of the limbs.

Clinical manifestations of hematogenous chronic osteomyelitis may include the following symptoms:

1. Pain in the area of ​​the affected bone, which may be intermittent or constant.
2. Swelling, redness, and tenderness around the affected area.
3. Local heating of the skin over the affected bone.
4. Phenomena of general intoxication, such as increased body temperature, weakness and loss of appetite.
5. Discharge of purulent fluid from the affected area (in rare cases).

The diagnosis of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis is based on clinical symptoms, the result of a physical examination, laboratory and instrumental studies. Blood tests are done to look for signs of infection, such as elevated levels of white blood cells and C-reactive protein. X-rays, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to visualize the affected area and determine the extent of bone destruction.

Treatment of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis includes the following approaches:

1. Antibiotic therapy: Patients are prescribed antimicrobial drugs to fight the infection. Chronic osteomyelitis requires a long course of antibiotics, which can last several weeks or even months. Sometimes surgical removal of necrotic tissue or drainage of a purulent lesion may be necessary.

2. Surgery: In cases where conservative treatment is ineffective or where there is significant bone destruction, surgery may be required. This may include removal of infected tissue, drainage of the lesion, or reconstruction of the affected area using bone grafts or implants.

3. Supportive Care: An important aspect of treating chronic osteomyelitis is maintaining the patient's optimal health and immune function. This includes eating right, being physically active, managing comorbidities (such as diabetes), and following your doctor's recommendations.

Chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis is a serious disease that requires complex and long-term treatment. Early consultation with a doctor, accurate diagnosis and timely treatment play an important role in preventing complications and achieving complete remission. Patients should follow all doctor's recommendations and undergo regular follow-up examinations to assess the effectiveness of treatment and prevent relapses.

Hematogenous-chronic osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease characterized by foci of bone tissue destruction and/or pathological fractures. Caused by pyogenic microorganisms - cocci, streptococci, spirochetes, Haemophilus influenzae, and less commonly - other microbes. In rare cases of osteomyelitis, it is customary to talk about hematogenous infection through the bloodstream or about metastatic bone damage due to a tumor with histological characteristics that can cause an inflammatory process in the bone. Manifestations of the disease are quite varied, but more often they are combined with pain in the affected area. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using biochemical tests and radiography. Treatment should be comprehensive and aimed at eliminating the source of inflammation and the cause of the disease. In clinical practice, the terms hematogenous and metastatic are used interchangeably. In this context, the likelihood that the causative agent of hematogenous osteomylitis has metastasized is very high. Therefore, it is important to conduct a thorough examination of the patient to detect a possible primary source of the disease. If the primary source of infection is detected, appropriate drug therapy is prescribed. Difficulty in treating o. haematogenea chronica, in addition to the need to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to antibiotics, also lies in the duration of the disease. It also spreads hematogenously due to constant damage to the vascular elements of the bone marrow and the inflammatory effect on them. This process can last quite a long time: 2-3 months or more, until the stage of tissue hypoxia occurs, or until the lesion responds to antibiotics. Clinically, due to lympho-plasma-leukocyte infiltration, sclerotic areas are formed in the bone marrow cavity. Subsequently, the changes are localized in the cancellous bone; on an x-ray, “bulbs” (radial pressure zone) and osteoporosis (sclerosation) can be seen. Bone mass gradually decreases and cysticity appears. The incidence of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis is associated with a number of concomitant diseases, such as tuberculosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.