Retinal disinsertion

Retinal detachment: causes, symptoms and treatment

Retinal detachment is a serious eye disease that can lead to vision loss and even blindness. It occurs when the retina detaches from the choroid of the eye, which leads to disruption of tissue nutrition and degeneration. There are primary and secondary retinal detachments, which can be caused by injuries, inflammatory processes, eye tumors and other reasons.

Primary retinal detachment is a degeneration of the retina that occurs due to age-related changes and other factors such as myopia. Secondary retinal detachment, on the other hand, can be caused by external factors such as injury or inflammation.

The pathogenesis of retinal detachment is that with sudden movements, physical stress or injury to the eye, defects can occur in the degenerative retina through which fluid from the vitreous body penetrates into the subretinal space. As a result of this, and also due to the tension of the retina, its detachment occurs. The retinal pigment layer remains in place.

Symptoms of retinal detachment may include sudden blurred vision, a “dark cloud” appearance due to loss of part of the visual field, and the appearance of sparks, shadows, or veils in front of the eyes. On ophthalmoscopy, the detached portion of the retina appears grayish or grayish-blue in color and protrudes into the vitreous body as a relatively flat or convex formation. Its surface, as a rule, is uneven and folded, and the vessels in this area are convoluted and have a darker color. In most cases, a gap is visible in the detachment zone in the form of a bright red spot of various sizes and shapes.

Malnutrition in the retina leads to its further degeneration and persistent decrease in vision up to blindness. Therefore, retinal detachment should be treated as soon as possible. Surgical treatment is aimed at closing or limiting the retinal tear and can provide a favorable outcome if the operation is performed early after primary retinal detachment.

To prevent retinal detachment, it is recommended to avoid physical stress, heavy lifting and certain sports, such as diving, high and long jumps, and boxing. It is also necessary to protect your eyes from possible damage, especially at work.

In conclusion, retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss and blindness. If symptoms appear, you should contact your eye doctor immediately to get the correct diagnosis and treatment. Surgical treatment performed early after primary retinal detachment can provide a favorable outcome. However, preventing the occurrence of retinal detachment through eye prevention and protection is the best approach to maintaining eye health and vision.

Retinal detachment is a serious eye problem that can lead to vision loss. Retinal detachments occur when the connection between the nerves and the retina breaks, causing a retinal detachment. If this problem is not treated quickly, it can lead to blindness. Here is a more detailed description of retinal detachment:

**Retinal detachment:** Retinal detachment (ablation) occurs when there are breaks in the attachment of the retina to the vitreous body or to the choroid. These breaks may be temporary or permanent. They can occur for a variety of reasons: intraocular tumors, eye injuries, iatrogenic processes, malnutrition. Simultaneous detachments are also possible, resulting from a sharp increase in intracranial pressure, for example, with hemorrhage in the orbit, severe hemiplegia.

The detachment process is divided into three stages: hemophthalmos, separation of the foveal reflexoid and detachment of the entire retinal sheet, which can occur either spontaneously or under the influence of mechanical, thermal, radiation and electrical influence. Hemorrhagic detachment develops within a few minutes in patients suffering from malignant neoplasms and silicosis. In newborns, it is observed secondary to perinatal asphyxia. Retractable detachment occurs as a result of physical impact on the eyeball, especially in the area of ​​the posterior pole of the eye. Acute detachment is always in a state of regression of the ophthalmoscopic picture observed the day before. It is possible to detect a detachment thread from the vitreous body to the retina several millimeters long. If the tear thread lies freely in the vitreous and cannot slip under its lower epithelium, the prognosis is favorable. A moving retinal detachment is marked by large opacities in the inferior pole of the vitreous, linear opacities along the dentate line visible on the fundus lens; visual acuity drops to 0.04. The effectiveness of surgical tactics is high only in the first three hours after the development of a detached retina due to its fresh state, while visual acuity decreases to 0-0.1. At a later date, surgical interventions are performed in extremely rare cases.

The prognosis for retinopathy of prematurity depends on the duration of the disease