Spine

The spine is a strong, flexible columnar structure that supports the head and torso. It protects the spinal cord, located inside the spine. The spine is made up of small bones called vertebrae. The vertebrae are separated from each other by cartilage pads called discs. In total, the vertebrae and spinal cord form the spinal column. Spinal injuries include fractures and misalignment of vertebrae, sprained ligaments, and compressed or displaced intervertebral discs. Severe injuries can cause the vertebrae to shift, compressing or damaging the spinal cord running inside them. This results in temporary or permanent paralysis or even death. The area affected by paralysis depends on the location of the injury.


The spine is the dorsal bone, which is the main support for the body and transmits mechanical forces between the torso and the human head. It consists of 24 vertebrae connected by joints. Each vertebra has its own unique shape and function, and these are distributed along the entire length of the spine. First and last



The spine (lat. columna vertebralis) is the central load-bearing part of the axial skeleton in most living organisms. The main functions of the spine: support, protection of the spinal cord, ligaments and participation in mineral metabolism. It consists of five main sections and many vertebrae between them, articulated with intervertebral discs, also connected by cartilage. The spine is formed by vertebral bones (vertebrae), connected by elastic layers - intervertebral discs. The total length of the adult human spine is approximately 60 cm and runs almost entirely along the line of the middle vertebral arches. In total, there are five sections of the spine: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacral (5 vertebrae) and coccygeal section (3–4 vertebrae). In a vertebrate

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Dr. William Whitbourne

Dr. William Whitbourne