Argyll Robertson Pupil

Argyll Robertson Pupil is an eye disease characteristic of lesions of the central nervous system. With this disease, a person lacks the pupillary reflex, that is, the eye’s reaction to light.

Although the patient's pupils constrict normally when looking at close objects, they do not react to bright light as they normally do. That is, when the eye is illuminated with bright light, the pupils do not narrow, but remain dilated.

This disorder of pupillary reflexes is usually associated with neurosyphilis or other diseases affecting the central nervous system. The diagnosis is made based on an ophthalmological examination.

Argyll Robertson's pupil is named after Scottish ophthalmologist Douglas Argyll Robertson, who first described this disorder in 1869.

I'll start with the fact that the pupil diaphragm is the main regulator of the light flux in the eyeball. But sometimes pupillary regulation can be disrupted and lead to the development of various ophthalmological conditions. Such pathologies can be of a different nature, such as farsightedness or myopia, as well as diseases of the central nervous system.

**Argilla-Roberson pupil** is abnormal and can be a symptom of various medical conditions. The pupils are the opening through which light enters the eye and are filled with white pigment - a layer of intragrowth. The pinhole reflex is a normal reaction to changes in light, which means our eyes can adapt to different conditions and lighting around us by dilating or constricting our pupils to allow maximum light through our retina to our light receptors.

However, if our nervous system has been damaged, for example due to injury or disease, this can result in a lack of normal pupil contraction. This problem is known as Argyle-Robertson pupil. As a rule, the pupil does not respond to changes in lighting, or it is too narrow or dilated, and can pose a danger to vision.

**Causes of Argyle-Robertson Pupil** There are several causes and factors that can contribute to decreased pupil size as a result of impaired nervous system function. Some of these include infections, trauma, or damage to the central nervous system; certain medications, especially pain relievers, including opiates, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and some antidepressants; and low dopamine levels.

When we fall asleep, our visual system can shut down. This does not mean that we lose our vision or that we develop visual defects, but it is still a fairly normal sleep that lasts only four to six hours, regardless of whether we are in bed or not. At the same time, our sleep is very restful, without dreams or muscle movement. So, we can say that when we sleep, our pupils act as night vision. When we are not awake and looking at stimuli, our body wants our pupils to close to speed up this process. As we do something strenuous and irritating to our nerve cells (driving at night, riding a bike, reading while driving, working out), our pupils also close, signaling us not to turn on our “night vision.” .