Ascomycetes

Ascomycetes are fungi that produce asci, or sacs, containing spores. They are one of the most common types of mushrooms and play an important role in ecology and the biosphere.

Asci form on the surface of fungal hyphae - thin branching threads that serve to spread spores. Inside the ascus there are many microspores, each of which contains one or more cells. When mature, the asci burst and microspores spill into the environment.

One of the most famous representatives of ascomycetes is the penicillium fungus. This mushroom is used medicinally to produce penicillin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. In addition, penicillium is also used in the production of other drugs and dietary supplements.

Another important representative of ascomycetes are fungi of the genus Mucor. Mucors play an important role in many ecological processes, including the decomposition of organic matter, the formation of humus, and participation in the nitrogen cycle. Some mucor species are also used as food products, such as in the production of cheese and other dairy products.

Despite their importance, ascomycetes can also cause disease in humans and animals. For example, some types of penicillium can cause mycosis, a fungal disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Mucors can also cause various forms of aspergillosis, a lung disease that can lead to death.

In general, ascomycetes play an important role in nature and human life, but their use must be controlled and safe. Research and monitoring of the production and use of drugs, dietary supplements and other products containing ascomycetes is necessary to avoid possible negative consequences.

Ascochyta mushrooms, or ascomata, are forest saprophytes. Their common characteristic is the presence of spore bags in the mycelium. The entire mycelium below ends in the hymenium, the organ of sexual sporulation. These fungi do not spoil wood and are called wood saprophytes, while fungi of the genus Reitlingera and some species of Cochliobolus cause white rot. Ascomata can also be recognized by the presence of necrotrophic hyphae in the fruiting bodies.

An essential role in the life cycles of Ascomata is the presence of sexual reproduction. For this reason, they are also called mushrooms of sexual metamorphosis, or sexual metamorphosis, which is somewhat untrue. Most ascomata are asexual fission. They begin to bear fruit after exchanging DNA. Instead of sexual gametes, hyphae appear in the cells, which, through somatic nuclei, form a new mycelium through many microscopic intermediate cells, and each cell gives rise to the same mycelium. Then the multiplied mycelium grows basidia with their spherical bodies. The emergence of basidia