Dysgenesis Gonads

Gonadal dysgenesis

Gonadal dysgenesis is the general name for a group of diseases associated with disorders of the embryonic development of the gonads.

Gonads (testes in men and ovaries in women) begin to form in the early stages of embryonic development. With gonadal dysgenesis, disturbances occur in this process, which leads to abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the gonads.

There are several forms of gonadal dysgenesis:

1. Gonadal agenesis is the complete absence of gonads.

2. Testicular dysgenesis is a disorder of testicular development. May manifest as underdevelopment, atrophy or absence of testicles.

3. Ovarian dysgenesis is a disorder of ovarian development. Characterized by underdevelopment of the ovaries, absence of follicles and eggs.

4. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is simultaneous underdevelopment of both testes and ovaries.

The causes of gonadal dysgenesis may be associated with genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and exposure to harmful factors in early pregnancy.

Diagnosis is based on karyotype analysis, hormonal studies and gonadal imaging. Treatment depends on the form and severity of dysgenesis and may include hormone therapy, surgical correction and other methods.

Dysgenesis is a common disease associated with impaired formation or development of the male or female genital organs. Dysgenesis is the result of delayed or abolished development of the gonads in the human embryo, starting from one week of development and during intrauterine development. The most common dysgenesis are: 1) Diffuse hypoplasia, where the gonads are not formed by the end of the embryonic stage, 2) Chromosomal conditions (such as Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome), in which there is a delay in the development of certain areas of the primary germ cells responsible for the production of testosterone and progesterone in men or estrogens and progesterones in women.

Because of its secrecy, the concept of testicular dysgenesis was not mentioned (or explained) until some recent years, when it finally became common knowledge. In past years, it was included in the section “diseases of the male genital area,” these include preputial fistulas, hydrocele, and varicocele. But it was only after its more serious defects, such as cryptorchidism, became known that it was recognized as a separate category of diseases.

Therapy for such defects includes observation and preventive treatment. In case of cryptorchia, it should not be removed surgically due to the lack of fruits of treatment; when there is no threat of complications. Such people should undergo periodic tests for testosterone levels, as well as regular examinations by a urologist as they grow older.