Hemoglobinuria

**Hemoglobinuria** is a condition in which an increased amount of hemoglobin protein is found in the urine. Hemoglobin is normally found only in red blood cells, so its detection outside of red blood cells can serve as an important diagnostic criterion for some forms of hemoglobinopathies.

**Hemoglobin** is a complex protein that contains heme, which carries out the process of transporting oxygen throughout the body. The structure of hemoglobin is important for the process of transporting oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide and maintaining homeostasis. However, not only a lack of hemoglobin is dangerous for a person, but also its excess. For example, an excess of hemoglobin in the blood is manifested by hemochromatosis, which is a disorder of iron metabolism and is characterized by increased iron deposition in tissues. Also, increased hemoglobin synthesis is characteristic of the pathological process of myelodysplastic syndrome. A significant increase in hemoglobin inside the bone marrow leads to a significant disruption of the interaction between megakaryocytes and neutrophils, the development of allergic reactions due to increased levels of IgE, and an increased likelihood of malignant diseases. About 300 homozygous hereditary forms of hemogloblin disorders are known in humans. Anomalies can manifest as the development of hypoxia, anemia and cause hemolytic jaundice. The most common method for testing hemoglobin concentration is a general urine test. The appearance of hemoglobin in the analysis indicates the possible development of hemolytic conditions or serious ailments of the circulatory system. Since diagnostics can quite accurately determine many deviations in the composition of the analysis, hemoanalysis is included in the procedure for mandatory examinations of many patients.

Certain types of dysgemic anemia are not always accompanied by hemolytic crises, and often