Polycystic Ovaries

Title: Polycystic ovaries

Polycystic ovaries are a pathological change in the structure and function of the ovaries against the background of metabolic disorders. It is manifested by enlargement of both ovaries and cystic atresia of the follicles, menstrual disorder (usually opso- or amenorrhea), anovulatory infertility, hypertrichosis and, in most cases, obesity.

The cause of polycystic ovaries is disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, leading to chronic anovulation. As a result, the maturation of follicles in the ovaries slows down, the balance of sex hormones is disrupted - the level of androgens increases and the level of estrogens decreases. This leads to hyperandrogenism, which is clinically manifested as hypertrichosis, as well as metabolic disorders that contribute to obesity.

The main symptoms of polycystic ovaries are menstrual irregularities, infertility, hypertrichosis and obesity. Diagnosis is based on hormonal and ultrasound examinations.

Treatment is aimed at restoring ovulation and fertility with the help of hormonal drugs, reducing hyperandrogenism with antiandrogens and preventing complications. Surgical treatment (ovarian resection) may also be used.

Prognosis: ovulation and fertility disorders tend to recur. Patients with polycystic ovaries have an increased risk of cancer and endocrine diseases, so regular monitoring is necessary.