Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes in tissues. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ except the adrenal glands. Most often women aged 30-40 years are affected. Sarcoidosis can occur both acutely and chronically.

Symptoms of sarcoidosis

The acute onset of the disease is characterized by increased body temperature, joint pain, and sometimes enlarged parotid lymph nodes. In rare cases, sarcoidosis causes facial paralysis, which is manifested by a lack of facial expressions and a mask-like face.

Chronic sarcoidosis develops gradually and manifests itself only by increasing shortness of breath and weakness. Sarcoidosis is characterized by patient complaints of unmotivated fatigue, while examination fails to detect any pathology. Sometimes there are complaints of chest pain of various localizations, which is not associated with breathing and is on the border between pain and discomfort.

Upon examination, red dense nodes (erythema nodosum) are found on the skin (most often on the legs). On palpation, the nodes are painful, and after they resolve, gray-violet spots remain on the skin for a long time. Carefully examine the joints of the arms and legs, focusing on small joints. Inflammatory changes in the joints are transient, and deformation is atypical.

When percussing and listening to the lungs, weakened or harsh breathing and a boxed sound can be detected. To diagnose sarcoidosis, ultrasound examination of the liver, kidneys, heart, and thyroid gland is used. If sarcoidosis of the central nervous system, liver and heart is suspected, tomography is performed. Microscopy of tissue from enlarged lymph nodes is very informative.

Treatment of sarcoidosis:

1. Prednisolone 0.5-1.0 mg/kg orally for 2-3 months. For lung damage - budesonide aerosol 2 times a day, 800 mcg.

2. Delagil 0.25 g 2-3 times a day for 2-6 months, hydroxychloroquine 200 mg every other day for 9 months.

3. Methotrexate once a week orally or intramuscularly at a dose of 7.5-20 mg for 1-6 months.

A systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the formation in tissues of granulomas consisting of epithelioid cells and single giant Pirogov-Langhans cells or foreign body type. Granulomas are of the same type, round (“stamped”), clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue. Unlike tuberculous tubercles, they lack caseous necrosis.

Sarcoidosis occurs predominantly in young and middle age, somewhat more often in women. Almost all organs are affected, mainly lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, less often kidneys, skin, eyes, bones, etc. The most common lesion is the respiratory system.

Symptoms, course. Stage I is characterized by enlargement of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. At stage II, along with this, pronounced interstitial changes and foci of various sizes are determined, mainly in the middle and lower parts of the lungs. In stage III, significant diffuse fibrosis in the lungs and large, usually confluent foci are detected, as well as severe emphysema, often with bullous-dystrophic and bronchiectatic cavities and pleural compactions.

In approximately V3 patients at stages I and II there are no noticeable subjective disorders and the disease is detected by X-ray fluorography. The course is subacute or chronic, often wavy; weakness, low-grade fever, chest pain, dry cough, and loss of appetite are noted. Rattles in the lungs are heard rarely and in small quantities.

In stage III of the disease, these signs are more pronounced, and shortness of breath and cyanosis gradually increase. The duration of the disease ranges from several months to many years. In addition to the clinical and radiological picture, the diagnosis is confirmed by the results of histological or cytological examination of lymph nodes, skin, mucous membranes

Sarcoidosis: Understanding, Diagnosis and Treatment

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs and tissues. Granulomas are inflammatory formations consisting of activated immune cells. Sarcoidosis can affect multiple organ systems, including the lungs, skin, eyes, heart, and nervous system.

The cause of sarcoidosis is not fully understood; researchers believe that it is of an immunological nature. It is possible that sarcoidosis is caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors, although the exact mechanisms of disease development remain unclear.

One of the characteristic signs of sarcoidosis is the formation of granulomas in various organs. Granulomas can interfere with normal organ function, causing symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, skin rash, joint pain, changes in vision, and others.

Diagnosing sarcoidosis can be difficult because its symptoms and signs can be similar to other diseases. The doctor performs a physical examination of the patient, takes a medical history, and may order additional tests, including x-rays, CT scans, granuloma biopsies, and laboratory tests.

Treatment for sarcoidosis depends on the severity of the disease and the organs affected. In some cases, sarcoidosis may resolve on its own without medical intervention. However, if symptoms are present and organ function is impaired, treatment may be required. Corticosteroids are the main therapy for sarcoidosis. They help reduce inflammation and reduce the formation of granulomas. In some cases, immunomodulatory drugs or other medications may be used.

In addition to pharmacological treatment, it is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, physical activity and avoidance of toxic substances. Regular visits to your doctor and following the recommendations will help control the condition of sarcoidosis and prevent complications.

In conclusion, sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs and tissues. Although its causes are not fully understood, sarcoidosis can cause organ dysfunction and cause a variety of symptoms. Diagnosis is based on a physical examination, additional tests and laboratory tests. Treatment for sarcoidosis includes the use of corticosteroids and other medications to reduce inflammation and reduce the formation of granulomas. It is also important to lead a healthy lifestyle and regularly see a doctor to monitor the condition of the disease.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease, and its management requires close collaboration between patient and physician. By following recommendations and receiving the necessary treatment, patients with sarcoidosis can achieve control over their condition and improve their quality of life.

It is important to note that this article provides general information about sarcoidosis and is not a substitute for consulting with your doctor. If you suspect you may have sarcoidosis or another disease, consult a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas, similar to sarcoids, in various organs and tissues. The disease is extremely limited in nature: sarcardiosis does not affect vital organs, and its connection with other infectious diseases is completely absent. Signs of this disease include redness of the lymph nodes, enlargement of the liver and spleen. There is no cure for sarcadia. Complex conservative treatment (treatment of side effects) is carried out. Traditional medicine can also be used on the recommendation of doctors. Therapy is prescribed based on the form of the disease and the patient himself. Traditional methods can help relieve the severity of inflammation by enhancing the effect of medications. Official medicine also recognizes that the prevention of sarcoma requires a healthy lifestyle with the abandonment of bad habits.